HM.FRAMEWORKS Updated: 25.November.2001 (contains ontological frameworks and taxonomies) ------------------ GENERAL INFORMATION: ------------------- FRAMEWORKS: the ontological containers for specific taxonomies TAXONOMIES : the individual classification systems within the ontological frameworks Note: For the purposes of the Human Markup Language, we refer to ontology in the sense of an explicit representation of a conceptualization. The definition below was developed for use in Artificial Intelligence research and development but, for HumanMarkup purposes, which include AI, it is useful because it is strict, formal and explicitly formulated for use in digital informaion systems. Following is an excerpt from: http://www-ksl.stanford.edu/kst/what-is-an-ontology.html "An ontology is an explicit specification of a conceptualization. The term is borrowed from philosophy, where an Ontology is a systematic account of Existence. For AI systems, what "exists" is that which can be represented. When the knowledge of a domain is represented in a declarative formalism, the set of objects that can be represented is called the universe of discourse. This set of objects, and the describable relationships among them, are reflected in the representational vocabulary with which a knowledge-based program represents knowledge. Thus, in the context of AI, we can describe the ontology of a program by defining a set of representational terms. In such an ontology, definitions associate the names of entities in the universe of discourse (e.g., classes, relations, functions, or other objects) with human-readable text describing what the names mean, and formal axioms that constrain the interpretation and well-formed use of these terms. Formally, an ontology is the statement of a logical theory." This document is intended to be an ongoing enterprise. It is not intended to portray itself as finished. It is intended to become as thorough as we can make it, but, while it strives for comprehensiveness in many frameworks, it is deliberately left obviously short of exhaustive at this starting point to make that condition clear. When a particular framework is mature, it can possibly be spun off into its own file. For example: "HMF.RELIGIONS" or "HMF.EMOTIONS" will be spun off at an appropriate time. There will never be an exhaustive list of all frameworks. We will simply develop them one or a few at a time, depending on our resources. Note: This is not a short term project. Each framework contains a section for 'References'. This is where we describe any authoritative reference used pertaining to the taxonomies in that framework. There are several ways we can arrange human characteristics. Each 'framework' contains the various 'taxonomies' that are associated with it. Some of these 'frameworks' overlap with each other. There is no 'one' way to break apart human characteristics. ------------------ NONTECHNICAL HUMANMARKUP R&D: ------------------ 1) HumanMarkup is designed for amalgamating resources and references 2) Codifying existing ontological frameworks and taxonomies and providing consistent new frameworks and taxonomies is a primary function for ongoing HumanMarkup responsibilities. ---------------- TECHNICAL HUMANMARKUP R&D: ---------------- 1) HumanMarkup has taken responsibiity for determining how these classifications fit into XML terms. We have a wide variety of descriptors to be defined as element names, values, types with or without appropriate attribute names, values, and types. 2) HumanMarkup has taken responsibility for determining how these modules interoperate with current frameworks. 3) It is the purpose of the HumanMarkup TC to engage in developing and customizing applications based on this codified and structured human information with its now-available, accurate contextual elements included. ----------------- GENERAL REFERENCES: ----------------- http://groups.yahoo.com/group/humanmarkup/files/Conceptual/Human.Frameworks/General/Elements.Attributes/elements.attributes.list http://groups.yahoo.com/group/humanmarkup/files/Conceptual/domain http://groups.yahoo.com/group/humanmarkup/files/Conceptual/Classes/Table.of.Classes.Properties/humanMLClassTreeSchematic2.jpg http://groups.yahoo.com/group/humanmarkup/files/Technical/XML.Schema/XML.Schema/ The following terms written in ALL UPPER CASE and set off by rules are the NAMES we have chosen for the ontological frameworks, followed by definitional phrases within square parantheses for clarification of our uses of these names or terms, occasionally with synonyms set off by dashes. The entries in lower case with Initial Upper Case letters are the names of the taxonomies which are contained within the ontological frameworks. Important terms which greatly affect the organizational structure of the ontological frameworks are in boldface. In all cases, the basic references used are Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, Roget's Pocket Thesaurus, The Oxford-Duden Pictorial English Dictionary and A Dictionary of American-English Usage based on Fowler's Modern English Usage. ------------ ACTION/REACTION [act of will, deed/response to act or deed]: ------------ Interaction References: ----- ----------- ANCESTRY [line of descent]: ----------- Origin, Cultural Origin, Ethnic Origin, Geographic References: ----- ---------- ANALYSIS [decomposition of a complex whole into component parts, examination of a complex whole, component parts and their relations--inquiry, reasoning] ---------- Answer Argument Assumption, Identification of Comparison Contradiction, Logical Contradiction, Disputation of Evidence Contradiction, Argumentative Tactic Counterevidence Deception, Identification of Debate Demonstration Discussion Discrimination Disputation Evidence Examination Experiment Explanation Exploration Generalization Inquiry Interpretation Investigation Impossibility Improbability Induction Inference Logic Measurement Negativity, Discrediting Argumentative Tactic Negativity, Externalization of Internal Emotional State Objectivity, Assertion of, Question of, Plausibility Possibility Probability Qualification Question Reasoning Research Review Subjectivity, Assertion of, Question of, Scrutiny Test Trial References: ----- --------- ARTIFACTS [product of human activity, usually an object such as a tool or ornament]: --------- Aerospace Vehicles Airplanes Aqueducts Architecture Art Objects Boats Bombs Electromagnetic Broadcasting Transmission Towers Cities Clothes Cultural Objects Experimental Equipment Hydroelectric Dams Irrigation/Flood Control Dams Jewelry Ports Power Grids Religious Objects Radio Antennae Radio Telescope Antennae Railroads Roads Rockets Schools Ships Tools Towns Weapons References: ----- --------- ATTITUDE [mental position or emotion in regard to a fact or state]: ---------- Acceptance Adoration Agreement Alertness Anger Approval Avoidance Belief Blame Competence Composed Constrained Desire Despair Disapproval Disbelief Disagreement Effort Exhaustion Fondness Favor Hope Incompetence Intent Interest Obligation Permission Reluctance Repulsion Resistance Revulsion Sadness Sentiment Sorrow Tension Terror Vexation Worshipfulness References: ----- ---------------------- COMMUNICATIONS MODES [methods by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of signs, symbols or behavior--for HumanMarkup purposes, these refer to use within digital information systems primarily]: ---------------------- Artistic Expression (Art) [includes all traditional and new forms:painting, printing, sculpture, music, theatre, writing, motion pictures, radio, television, computing-based, multimedia] One-to-One (1-1) [indicates communication context between two individual humans or entities] One-to-Many (1-n) [indicates communication context from an individual human or entity to more than one human individual or entity and this same notation can represent Many-to-Many and Many-to-One, to save confusion over different contexts where plural entities are involved] Publishing Acts (P) [includes all forms of media that are reproduced or meant for reproduction] Non-Verbal Use of Behavior(NV) [includes Vocalizations or Vocal Actions which are not specifically Speech] Speech Actions (S) Verbal Use of Language (V) Writing Actions (W) Note: (V,S,1-1) signifies a Verbal, Speech Act, in a One-to-One communication context. I will try to use this for the following entries in the COMMUNICATION TYPES frameworks and see how it works. Note: Each of these entries in the COMMUNICATION MODES frameworks could be listed as a framework itself, and would have many entries in its own right. Hence the use of notation for classification. References: ----- -------------------- COMMUNICATION TYPES [classified by method and context: see above]: -------------------- Argument (V, 1-1, 1-n)(S or W, may be P) Authoring (V, may be Art, W, P, 1-n) Conversation (V, S, 1-1, may be P) Debate (V, S, 1-1, 1-n and 1-1 + 1-n, may be W, may be P) Dialogue (V, 1-1, may be S, may be W, may be P) Discussion (V, 1-n, may be S, may be W, may be P) Interaction (may be V, may be NV, may be Art, 1-1, 1-n, may be S, may be W, may be P) Meeting (V,, may be NV, may be Art 1-n, may be P) Monologue (V, may be Art, 1-n, may be S, may be W, may be P) Presentation (V, may be NV, may be Art, 1-n, may be S, may be W, may be P) Language:Allusion (V, may S, may be W) Language:Idiom (V, may S, may be W) Language:Literature:Play (V, Art, 1-n, S, W, P) Language:Literature:Novel (V, Art, 1-n, may be S, W, P) Language:Literature:Short Story (V, Art, 1-n, may be S, W, P) Language:Literature:Recording (V, may be NV, may be Art, 1-n, may be S, may be W, may be P) Language:Slang (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Allegory (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Antanaclasis (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Anthimeria (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Antonomasia (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Apostrophe (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Auxesis (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Erotema (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Hyperbole (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Irony (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Litotes (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Meiosis (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Metaphor (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Metonymy (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Onomatopoeia (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Oxymoron (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Parable (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Paradox (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Paralipsis (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Paronomasia (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Personification (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Prosopopoeia (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Puns (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Rhetorical Question (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Simile (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Syllepsis (V, may S, may be W) Language:Trope:Synecdoche (V, may S, may be W) Note: This ontological framework is particularly incomplete though it might not seem so, but, most of human knowledge as it is currently stored and classified, falls into this category of taxonomical entries, including but not limited to most of history, science, philosophy, social, economic and religious thought as well as the descriptions that remain to be collected of all human cultures past and present. So, we decided to keep it short for the purpose of getting this effort started. References: ----- ---------- CHRONEMIC [human perception and use of time]: ---------- Anticipation Culmination Duration Initiation Scheduling Polychronic Monochronic Premonition Preparation Readiness Termination References: ----- ---------- COSMETIC [adornment or ornamentation to enhance a human's appearance and/or indicate membership in cultural group]: ---------- Clothing:Shirts Clothing:Dresses Clothing:Tunics Clothing:Pants Facial Paint:Makeup:Foundation Powder Facial Paint:Lipstick Footwear:Shoes Footwear:Sandals Headwear:Hats Ornaments:Jewlery:Rings Ornaments:Jewelry:Necklaces Ornaments:Jewelry:Bracelets Ornaments:Jewelry:Armlets References: ----- ------------ CULTURE [customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious or social group]: ------------ EarlyHistorical:Geographic:Indus/Ganges Watersheds Civilization EarlyHistorical:Geographic:Yangtze/Huang Ho Watersheds Civilization EarlyHistorical:Geographic:Mediterranean Civilization EarlyHistorical:Geographic:Tigris/Euphrates Watershed Civilization CurrentHistorical:Geographic:American Popular Culture CurrentHistorical:Geographic:American Popular Culture:African American Subculture CurrentHistorical:Geographic:South Indian Popular Culture CurrentHistorical:Geographic:American Popular Culture:African American Subculture:Teen:After School:Urban Street Corner, Playground "hood" References: ------ ---------- ECONOMIC [social value systems based on the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services]: ---------- Capitalist Communist Socialist Rich Bourgeoise Poor References: ----- ---------- EMOTIONS [affective aspect of consciousness: subjective feelings, involving physiological changes associated with preparing the physical body for action, usually of fight or flight syndrome, next most often for catharsis, as in grief, or laughter; from the study of facial expressions, conventional traditional thought has defined six basic emotions, which we will follow, adding the modifier, complex, for others until more complete classifications can be made]: ----------- Basic Emotion:Anger Basic Emotion:Disgust Basic Emotion:Fear Basic Emotion:Joy Basic Emotion:Sadness Basic Emotion:Surprise Complex Emotion:Aggravation Complex Emotion:Amusement Complex Emotion:Appreciation Complex Emotion:Calm Complex Emotion:Caution Complex Emotion:Cheerfulness Complex Emotion:Contentment Complex Emotion:Courage Complex Emotion:Cowardice Complex Emotion:Dejection Complex Emotion:Dullness Complex Emotion:Envy Complex Emotion:Guilt Complex Emotion:Happiness Complex Emotion:Hatred Complex Emotion:Humorless Complex Emotion:Love Complex Emotion:Nonplussed Complex Emotion:Pain Complex Emotion:Pity Complex Emotion:Pleasure Complex Emotion:Pride Complex Emotion:Regret Complex Emotion:Relief Complex Emotion:Reverence Complex Emotion:Shame Complex Emotion:Stress Complex Emotion:Sorrow Complex Emotion:Unhappiness Complex Emotion:Weariness Complex Emotion:Wonder References: ----- --------- ETHICS [theory or system of moral principles or values regarding human conduct, as in good, bad, right, wrong or acceptable within a value system; social and cultural customs of duty and obligation, often specific to a culture--religious, spiritual practices]: --------- Ethics:Religious:Cultural:Hindu:Dharma Study Ethics:Religious:Christian:CurrentHistorical:Geographic:American Popular Culture:Church Attendance:Tithing Ethics:Secular:CurrentHistorical:Geographic:American Popular Culture:Legally Enforced Civic Participation:Jury Duty Note: This framework needs quite a bit of work to fill out since it will be one of our legally-oriented taxonomies, and as such deserves careful attention. References: ----- --------- HAPTICS: [failing to find an adequate definition in the literature, we offer this definition: Haptics is the study of human kinesthetic subjective experience of and relation to the external world through the sense of touch.] Note: For our purposes we are using this term to define the realm of spatial relationships that involve the human sense of touch. Primary research in this field stems from Psychophysics in the development of such computer control mechanisms as the mouse and joystick. Much less sociological, physiologically-based psychological, and cultural research and reporting has been done. from the first source listed below, this excerpt: Introduction to Haptic Display: Psychophysics by Susan J. Lederman, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada Psychophysics is a field of experimental psychology that uses specific behavioral methods to determine the relationship between the physical world and people's subjective experience of that world. Psychophysicists conduct scientific experiments that are carefully designed to let them figure out which physical parameter(s) actually determine a subjective perceptual dimension. We begin by trying to think of all possible parameters; then we design experiments to quantitatively evaluate the most likely contenders under carefully controlled conditions. " --------- The following stratification of haptics in terms of intimacy is taken from the second reference cited below. Much more study is required in this area to arrive at a suitable taxonomy for differing purposes, i.e. artificial intelligence and virtual reality will find more use from that arena of research, while psychological uses will find more use from cultural analyses. Functional/Professional:Handshake Social/Polite:Handshake Friendship/Warmth : Handshake Friendship/Warmth :Hug Love/Intimacy:Kiss Sexual Arousal:Caress Note: This set of entries above is taken directly from one source, and it does not make an entry for hostile or violent touch, which, because it is an unfortunately common occurence, we are required to include, so I have added the following entries: Violent/Military hand-to-hand combat Violent/Angry assault/defense Violent/Pathological assault/Sadism Violent/Pathological invitation and submission/Masochism References: http://haptic.mech.nwu.edu/ http://ic.intermundo.net/faq/heptics.shtml ----- ------------ HERMENEUTICS [study of the cycles of interpretation and reinterpretation, in essence Hermeneutics is the methodology of epistemology or how we interpret what we know or how we interpret what is knowable]: ------------- Deconstruction Algorithmic Information Theory References: ----- ------------ HISTORICAL [in researching an acceptable summary of the viewpoint in relation to historical analysis as it bears on our purposes, we offer the following excerpt from a scholarly paper delivered in 1994 ase closest at the time of this compilation, 11/01, to expressing the fundamental approach we are taking: "World System History By Andre Gunder Frank, University of Amsterdam 23 April 1994 Prepared for presentation at the annual meeting of The New England Historical Association, Bentley College, Waltham, Mass., April 23, 1994 [Preliminary draft assembled with apologies from mostly previously written material. Disregard headers/footers inserted by error]. There is no history but world history -- wie es eigentlich gewesen ist Leopold von Ranke INTRODUCTION By world system history I mean the systemically interrelated history of most of the "old world" in Afroeurasia over at least past five thousand years. After 1492, the "new world" and then the whole world was also incorporated into the same world . To read the histories of particular world regions and/or "civilizations" as interrelated processes of a single unified, diverse, stream of world history offers a powerful antidote to Eurocentric or Western-centric distortions of history, are as nearsighted as they are widespread. World system history offers an alternative as well to Sino-, Islamo-, Afro-centric, and other parochial alternatives to Eurocentrism. After some further references to Eurocentrism, I summarize some conceptual elements of world system history and then apply them in illustrative "case studies" during the bronze age, classical antiquity, early modern history, and contemporary times. In each case, I shall try to show how a this wider and longer perspective on world system history offers a more adequate reading of regional history during these periods. The thesis is that the contemporary world system has a history of at least five thousand years. The rise to dominance of Europe and the West in this world system are only recent-and probably passing-events. This thesis challenges Eurocentrism and offers a humanocentric alternative, which has important cultural, philosophical, social scientific, and political implications. The thesis also addresses concerns and controversies in historiography, civilizationism, archaeology, classicism in ancient history, medievalism, modern history, economic history, macro historical sociology, political geography, international relations, development studies, ecology, anthropology, race, ethnic and gender relations, etc. " A further distinction needs to be drawn between the academic discipline of historical thought and how historical context applies to Human Markup. A individual human, as opposed to an entity which is merely using the identity of human as a vehicle for a digital agent of some variety, experiences and is influenced by that individual's personal life in which history forms a part in two ways. In school, and through the media and other social and cultural institutions such as church present various viewpoints on the facts of history, if the facts are known or as those facts are known. At the same time, the entire life experience of the individual, builds up a personal relationship to history as it is experienced in the raw. Thus the distinctions of Cultural and Personal. Only biological human beings can have this dual context for now, until true Artificial Intelligence can be established.]: ------------ Cultural Personal References: ----- -------------- HUMAN LOCATORS [identifiers for locations for the purposes of use in digital information systems]: -------------- Digital Entity Representation Locator Biologicial Body Locator Situational Definition:Geolocation Environment Situational Definition:Digital Environment References: ----- --------- HUMAN SOCIAL CLASS SYSTEMS [specific cultural practices]: --------- Historical:Indian:Brahmin Historical:Indian:Warrior Historical:Indian:Vaisya Historical:Indian:Untouchable Historical:European:Feudal:Noble Historical:European:Feudal:Serf References: ----- --------- HUMOR: [although derived from ancient usage for bodily fluids, and also used in the sense of describing disposition or temperament, for our purpose we use it to describe the ontological framework for the quality of whimsy, levity, a sense of the absurd, comic or ludicrous, especially the quality that evokes laughter which has been studied and researched fairly extensively. For our purposes, we need to bear in mind that a sense of humor is a survival characteristic. From the reference below: "Laughter enhances respiration and circulation, oxygenates the blood, suppresses the stress-related hormones in the brain, and activates the immune system.." --------- Amusement Banter Buffoonery Cheer Drollery Exuberance Facetiousness Foolery Fun Gaiety Hilarity Irony Jest Jocularity Joke Levity Ludicrousness Merriment Mirth Parody Play Pun Sarcasm Satire Silliness Whimsy References: http://www.uni-duesseldorf.de/WWW/MathNat/Ruch/research%26people.html ----- --------- INTENT [conscious plan or purpose for acting with a goal in mind or the meaning and significance behind actions committed to attain or accomplish desired aim or objective]: --------- Achievement Aim Ambition Approbation Approval Aspiration Assent Beg Boast Concealment Contempt Courtesy Deception Design Desire Destination Disapprobation Disapproval Disclosure Discourtesy Disrespect Dissent Earnestness Exaggeration Flattery Forgiveness Goal Gratification Gratitude Humor Indulgence Joke Ingratitude Intimidate Lie Menace Misrepresent Misstate Please Purpose Request Respect Ridicule Target Threat Truth Warning References: ----- ----------- INTERNAL CONFLICTS [opposing thoughts and/or emotional states; may or may not include Ethics]: ----------- Emotion vs. Logic Need vs. Want Immediate Gratification vs. Deferred Gratification Individual Benefit vs. Group Benefit Multiple Consequences vs. Need for Decision Multiple Role Conflicts References: ----- ----------- KINESICS [study of body movements and gestures as a means of communication]: ----------- Head:Nod Head:Shake Head:Facial:Bite Lips Head:Facial:Cross Eyes Head:Facial:Frown Head:Facial:Frown:Anger Head:Facial:Frown:Grimace Head:Facial:Glance Head:Facial:Glare Head:Facial:Grimace:Sorrow Head:Facial:Grimace:Sorrow Head:Facial:Knit brows Head:Facial:Narrow Eyes Head:Facial: Roll Eyes Head:Facial:Smile Head:Facial:Smile:Grimace Head:Facial:Smile:Grin Head:Facial:Smile:Joy Head:Facial:Smile:Smirk Head:Facial:Sneer Head:Facial:Squint Head:Facial:Stare Head:Facial:Thin Lips Head:Facial:Turn up nose Head:Facial:Wink Head:Facial:Wrinkle Nose Head:Facial:Vocal:Babble Head:Facial:Vocal: Cheer Head:Facial:Vocal:Cry Head:Facial:Vocal:Exclaim Head:Facial:Vocal: Hiss Head:Facial:Vocal:Hoot Head:Facial:Vocal:Howl Head:Facial:Vocal: Laugh Head:Facial:Vocal: Laugh:Chuckle Head:Facial:Vocal: Laugh:Giggle Head:Facial:Vocal: Laugh:Hoot Head:Facial:Vocal: Laugh:Snicker Head:Facial:Vocal: Simper Head:Facial:Vocal:Sob Head:Facial:Vocal: Wail Head:Facial:Vocal:Weep Head:Facial:Vocal:Whisper Head:Facial:Vocal: Yell Body:Hand-Arm: Handshake Body:Hand-Arm:Wave:Greeting:Culture:? Body:Hand-Arm:Wave:Departing:Culture? Body:Hand-Arm:Clasp Hands Body:Hand-Arm:Clasp Hands: Entwine Fingers Body:Hand-Arm:Make Fist Body:Hand-Arm:Military Salute Body:Hand-Arm:Thumb-up Body:Hand-Arm:Thumb-down Body:Hand-Arm:Make Fist:Extend Middle Finger:Signal:Disrespect Body:Hand-Arm:Make Fist:Extend and Separate Index and Middle Fingers:Signal:? Body:Hand-Arm:Make Fist:Make Circle Touching Thumb and Index Finger:Signal:Yes Body:Hand-Arm:Extend Open Hands:Signal:Surrender Body:Hand-Arm:Extend Open Hands:Signal:Unarmed Body:Hand-Arm:American Sign Language:Words and Phrases Body:Hand-Arm:American Sign Language:Finger Spelling Leg-Foot:Jiggle Foot Leg-Foot:Shake Foot Leg-Foot:Jiggle Leg Leg-Foot:Shake Foot Leg-Foot:Bounce on Feet Alternating Between Feet Leg-Foot:Bounce on Both Feet Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Bend Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Bow Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Hit Closed Fist:Right Cross:Boxing Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Hit Open Handed:Chop:Karate Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Dance:Culture:?:Performance:?:Event: Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Half Bow Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Head Butt Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Hop Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Lotus Position Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Hunch Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Genuflect Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Jump:Running Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Jump:Standing Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Kick Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Kowtow Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Lie Down:Full Body on Abdomen Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Lie Down:Full Body on Back Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Lie Down:Fetal Curl on Left Side Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Lie Down:Fetal Curl on Right Side Combined Body, Head, Limbs:March Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Prance Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Punch Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Run Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Skip Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Sit Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Sit Cross Legs Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Sneak Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Stalk Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Stand Combined Body, Head, Limbs:Walk References: ----- ---------- LANGUAGES: [spoken and/or written means of verbal communication; all human languages need to be taken into consideration and while cultures need to be described in many languages, for the sake of accurate translations both of language use and cultural practices, it is important for our purposes to have them described within their own languages by native speakers if possible; Linguistics, an ontological framework of its own, needs to be taken into consideration in its own framework and as an aid in the study of each language in the regional and dialectic variations of each language. ---------- Albanian Afrkaans Arabic Assyrian Bengali Berber Bulgarian Burmese Chinese Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Ethiopic Farsi Finnish French Gaelic/Irish German Greek Hebrew Hindi Hungarian Italian Japanese Korean Kurdish Latvian Lithuanian Malay Norwegian Pashtu Polish Portuguese Punjabi Romanian Russian Sanskrit Singhalese Slovene Spanish Swahili Swedish Tamil Thai Turkish Urdu Yiddish Esperanto Loglan Alphabet: Dialect: Phonetic: Variation: References: ----- ----------- LINGUISTICS [study of human languages, language use, language groups, historical spread of languages, relation of language to culture, relation of language to physiology, phenomenology, epistemology] ---------- History of Language Development History of Language Spread Natural Language Processing Common Language Features Language Learning:Physiological Development Language Learning:Evolutionary Development Meaning:Semiotics from sign to signal to symbol Syntax:Construction of Phrases, Sentences and Complex Language Structures References: ----- ----------- MECHANICS [use and construction of external objects]: ---------- Tools Weapons References: ----- ---------------- NATIONALITIES: [one of primary cultural or social groups to which individuals belong and owe allegiance, duty and responsibility and from which personal value is derived]: ---------------- Europe:Timeframe:?:England Eurasia:Timeframe:?: Europe and North Africa, Mediterranean Basin:Timeframe:?: Asia and Japanese Archipelago:Timeframe:?: Africa:Timeframe:?: North America:Timeframe:?: South America:Timeframe:?: Central America:Timeframe:?: Pacific Islands and Philipine Archipelago:Timeframe:?: Southeast Asia and Malay-Indonesian Archipelago:Timeframe:?: Indian Subcontinent:Timeframe:?: Australian Archipelago:Timeframe References: ----- --------------------- PERSONAL IDENTIFIERS [where this information is standardized, we will use that classification system; where we can add depth of contextual information, we will expand to do so, once this area has been better clarified in practice]: -------------------- Name Postal Address Geographical Location Internet Address:www Internet Address:Email Internet Address:Instant Messaging Telephone(s) Fax UID) Body Identifiers:Scars Body Identifiers:Marks Body Identifiers:Tattoos References: ----- ------------- PERSONALITY [where there are existing classification systems, and an individual chooses to make such information available, we provide it as well as allowing for it in the ontological frameworks we take into consideration; personal psychological evaluation, and any patient to provider services do not fall within our charter; we allow for usage of appropriate concepts and accepted schools of thought]: ------------ Myers-Briggs Personality Types Enneagram Personality Types References: ----- -------------- PHILOSOPHY [discipline comprising at its core logic, aesthetics, ethics, metaphysics and epistemology]: -------------- Anarchism Behaviorism Consequentialism Dualism Eclecticism Ethics Existentialism Functionalism Gnosticism Humanism Interventionism Logic Logical Positivism Materialism Metaphysics Monism Moral Rationalism Moral Relativism Moral Sketicism Naturalism Neo-Platonism Nihilist Noncognitivism Objectivism Pacifism Relativism Sketicism Solipsism Sophism Stoicism References: ----- ------------------------ PHYSICAL DESCRIPTORS [basic information, also to be a sub markup language, the Physical Characteristics Markup Language]: ----------------------- Ethnic Ancestry: Height:Measurement system: Weight Measurement system: Hair Color: Eye Color: Skin Color: Body Type: Deviations: (albinism, missing limbs, extra fingers, etc) = References: ----- ----------- POLITICAL: ----------- Political Philosophy: Nation: Party References: http://www.psr.keele.ac.uk/ ----- ----------- PROXEMICS [study of the cultural, behavioral and sociological aspects of spatial distance between individuals]: ---------- Intimate Distance Personal Distance Social Distance Public Distance References: ----- ----------- RELATIONSHIPS [primary individual emotional mutual attachments and allegiances]: ----------- Monogamous Polygamous Serial Monogamous Serial Polygamous References: ----- ------------------- RELIGIONS: ------------------- Agnostic Atheist Bahai Buddhism:Mahayana Buddhism:Hinayana Buddhism:Zen Christianity:Adventist Christianity:Anglican Christianity:Baptist Christianity:Eastern Orthodox Christianity:Episcopalian Christianity:Evangelist Christianity:Lutheran Christianity:Methodist Christianity:Pentecostal Christianity:Presbyterian Christianity:Roman Catholic Christianity:Jehovah's Witness Hinduism Islam:Shi'ite Islam:Sunni Islam:Sufi Jainism Judaism:Conservative Judaism:Humanist Judaism:Orthodox Judaism:Reconstructionist Judaism:Reform Judaism:Ethnic Subgroup:Askenazy Judaism:Ethnic Subgroup:Hassidim Judaism:Ethnic Subgroup:Sephardim Monistic Paganism Shinto Sikhism Taoism Voodoo Wicca References: ----- ------- SCENE [for our purposes this means any recognizable digital environment, whether it is a description or depiction of an actual, physical geographical location, or an informational computing space by any name or construction such as Internet, World Wide Web, Cyberspace, Chat room, Virtual reality or Information Superhighway, etc, whether single- or multi-user--a brief set of examples only is provided here to show some of the diversity such scenes can produce]: ------- Scene Desriptor:Arcade Video Game:PacMan Scene Desriptor:Game Console Game:PacMan Scene Desriptor:Instructor-Controlled TradeShow Demonstration:Photoshop6 Scene Desriptor:Internet:URI:http://www.oasis-open.org Scene Desriptor:YahooIM:username:rkthunga References: ----- ---------- SEMIOTICS [theory of signs, symbols and signals used in language]: ---------- Sign Symbol Signal References: ----- ------------- SENSATIONS [perception by means of the senses of hearing, sight, smell, taste, touch, ,] ------------ Hearing:Audio Hearing:Aural Hearing:Blowing Hearing:Chime Hearing:Clang Hearing:Clank Hearing:Clink Hearing:Echo Hearing:Knell Hearing:Loudness Hearing:Music Hearing:Noise Hearing:Note Hearing:Peal Hearing:Phoneme Hearing:Pitch Hearing:Quiet Hearing:Resonation Hearing:Reverberation Hearing:Rumble Hearing:Ring Hearing:Shout Hearing:Singing Hearing:Song Hearing:Sound Hearing:Speech Hearing:Tinkle Hearing:Toll Hearing:Tone Hearing:Trumpet Hearing:Voice Hearing:Volume Hearing: Whistle Hearing:Whistling Sight:Apparition Sight:Appear Sight:Behold Sight:Blind Sight:Blur Sight:Bright Sight:Brighten Sight:Burst Sight:Cast Sight:Clear Sight:Conceal Sight:Contemplate Sight:Dark Sight:Darken Sight:Dim Sight:Disappear Sight:Discern Sight:Display Sight:Dissolve Sight:Distinguish Sight:Espy Sight:Evident Sight:Explode Sight:Expose Sight:Eye Sight:Fade Sight:Flame Sight:Find Sight:Fire Sight:Gaze Sight:Glance Sight:Glimpse Sight:Glow Sight:Glower Sight:Ignite Sight:Look Sight:Note Sight:Notice Sight:Observe Sight:Perceive Sight:Plain Sight:Regard Sight:Review Sight:Spot Sight:Stare Sight:Transparent Sight:Visible Sight:Watch Sight:Witness Smell:Aroma Smell:Atmosphere Smell:Bouquet Smell:Cloud Smell:Exhalation Smell:Emanation Smell:Effluvium Smell:Fragrance Smell:Fume Smell:Gas Smell:Haze Smell:Malodorous Smell:Miasma Smell:Nose Smell:Reek Smell:Scent Smell:Smoke Smell:Sniff Smell:Stench Smell:Stink Smell:Vapor Taste:Ambrosial Taste:Acid Taste:Acrid Taste:Appetizing Taste:Biting Taste:Bitter Taste:Bracing Taste:Brackish Taste:Briney Taste:Bubbly Taste:Butterscotch Taste:Candied Taste:Carbonated Taste:Cloying Taste:Delectable Taste:Delicate Taste:Delicious Taste:Fishy Taste:Flat Taste:Flavor Taste:Gamey Taste:Garlicky Taste:Gingery Taste:Grainy Taste:Greasy Taste:High Taste:Honoed Taste:Hot Taste:Light Taste:Mordant Taste:Nauseating Taste:Oily Taste:Peppery Taste:Piquancy Taste:Saccharine Taste:Savory Taste:Sharp Taste:Sour Taste:Spicey Taste:Sugary Taste:Sweet Taste:Tart Taste:Unsavory Taste:Wild Touch:Abrade Touch:Abrasion Touch:Bake Touch:Bathe Touch:Benumb Touch:Bite Touch:Boil Touch:Breeze Touch:Broil Touch:Brush Touch:Blast Touch:Buff Touch:Bump Touch:Burn Touch:Cake Touch:Cane Touch:Caress Touch:Chafe Touch:Chap Touch:Contact Touch:Cool Touch:Crawl Touch:Creep Touch:Cut Touch:Dab Touch:Daub Touch:Dribble Touch:Feel Touch:Feverish Touch:Finger Touch:Fondle Touch:Fumble Touch:Grab Touch:Grate Touch:Grease Touch:Grope Touch:Handle Touch:Heat Touch:Hite Touch:Hold Touch:Hot Touch:Impale Touch:Itch Touch:Knead Touch:Lacerate Touch:Needle Touch:Numbness Touch:Palpable Touch:Pain Touch:Pierce Touch:Pinch Touch:Press Touch:Prick Touch:Prickle Touch:Pulsating Touch:Rake Touch:Rough Touch:Rub Touch:Scald Touch:Scorch Touch:Scrape Touch:Sratch Touch:Singe Touch:Slime Touch:Smoulder Touch:Steam Touch:Stick Touch:Stickiness Touch:Sting Touch:Strike Touch:Sweat Touch:Swelter Touch:Tickling Touch:Tingling Touch:Throb Touch:Tighten Touch:Vibrate Touch:Wet References: ----- ---------------- SENSORY CHANNELS [biological sensing systems that present an interface to the external world and the internal condition of the body; extra sensory or paranormal senses must be included because they are so widely reported, with no judgment] ---------------- External:Hearing External:Sight External:Smell External:Taste External:Touch Internal:Balance Internal:ESP Internal:Pain References: ----- -------- SEXUALITY: -------- Sexuality:Gender at Birth: Sexualtiy:Gender Choice: Sexuality:Sex Role Identification: Sexuality:Sex Role Identification:Heterosexual:Male Sexuality:Sex Role Identification:Heterosexual:Female Sexuality:Sex Role Identification:Heterosexual:Male Transvestite Sexuality:Sex Role Identification:Heterosexual:Female Transvestite Sexuality:Sex Role Identification:Homosexual:Male Sexuality:Sex Role Identification:Homoosexual:Female Sexuality:Sex Role Identification:Bisexual:Male Sexuality:Sex Role Identification:Bisexual:Female Sexuality:Sex Role Identification:Homosexual:Male Transvestite Sexuality:Sex Role Identification:Homoosexual:Female Transvestite Sexuality:Sex Role Identification:Bisexual:Male Transvestite Sexuality:Sex Role Identification:Bisexual:Female Transvestite References: ----- ------------------- SOCIAL KINSHIP STRUCTURE: ------------------- Family Structure Family Structure:Nuclear Family Family Structure:Extended Family Family Structure:Single Parent Family Family Structure:Blended Family Family Structure:Same Sex Two Parent Family Family Structure:Substitute Family:Gangster Family Structure:Substitute Family:Group Home Family Structure:Substitute Family:Institution:Orphanage Family Structure Role Identity: Family Structure Role Identity:Parent Family Structure Role Identity:Child Family Structure Role Identity: Sibling:Older Brother Family Structure Role Identity: Sibling:Older Sister Family Structure Role Identity: Sibling:Younger Brother Family Structure Role Identity: Sibling:Younger Sister Family Structure Role Identity:Child:Sibling:Older Brother Family Structure Role Identity: Child:Sibling:Older Sister Family Structure Role Identity: Child:Sibling:Younger Brother Family Structure Role Identity: Child:Sibling:Younger Sister Friends References: ----- --------------- SPEECH ACTIONS [our use of this term is not wholly in agreement with the School of Thought in Philosophy called Speech Act Theory, which is concerned with the meaning and intentionality of speech in utterances and writing, but we borrow from it extensively; keeping our use solidly based on types of language-use more widely and commonly understood, and allowing for both Vocal Acts and Writing Acts as frameworks of their own, while such are contained within the overall Philosophical Speech Act Theory which is not required to understand and make use of the ontological framework offered here;lastly, to accommodate the distinctions of meaning and intentionality, we offer a breakdown into basic speech acts that derive primarily from the concept of making or asserting a statement, making or asserting a order, making a request or asking a question, into which most speech acts, outside philosophical, phenomenological or epistemological areas, fall, and whether the speaker is being truthful--this is followed by a brief example of what a completely comprehensive listing would include from a short examination of the entries taken from the letter A in the alphabet]: --------------- Basic Speech Act:Ask:Truthfully Basic Speech Act:Assert:Truthfully Basic Speech Act:Assertion:Truthfully Basic Speech Act:Agree:Truthfully Basic Speech Act:Agreement:Truthfully Basic Speech Act:Approve:Truthfully Basic Speech Act:Approval:Truthfully Basic Speech Act:Command:Truthfully Basic Speech Act:Counter:Truthfully Basic Speech Act:Disagree:Truthfully Basic Speech Act:Disagreement:Truthfully Basic Speech Act:Disapprove:Truthfully Basic Speech Act:Disapproval:Truthfully Basic Speech Act:Request:Truthfully Basic Speech Act:Question:Truthfully Basic Speech Act:Ask:Untruthfully Basic Speech Act:Assert: Untruthfully Basic Speech Act:Assertion: Untruthfully Basic Speech Act:Agree: Untruthfully Basic Speech Act:Agreement: Untruthfully Basic Speech Act:Approve: Untruthfully Basic Speech Act:Approval: Untruthfully Basic Speech Act:Command:Untruthfully Basic Speech Act:Counter: Untruthfully Basic Speech Act:Disagree: Untruthfully Basic Speech Act:Disagreement: Untruthfully Basic Speech Act:Disapprove: Untruthfully Basic Speech Act:Disapproval: Untruthfully Basic Speech Act:Request:Untruthfully Basic Speech Act:Question: Untruthfully A: Abet Abhor Abnegate Abominate Abridge Accede Acclaim Accommodate Accord Account Acknowledgement Acquit Activate Accusation Accuse Add Address Adhere Adjudge Adjure Administer Administrate Administration Admit Admittance Admire Admonish Admonishment Admonition Adopt Adoption Adore Adoration Adorn Adulterate Adulteration Adumbrate Adumbration Advance Advancement Advertise Advertisement Advice Advisement Advise Affect Analogy Analyze Announce Anticipate Assorted Sample List of Typical Entries: Balance Bait Bear Beg Bid Farewell Confirm Contradict Deny Greet Joke Opinine Provoke Predict Shout Theorize Vocalize Voice Whisper Yell References: ----- ----------- SENTIMENT [viewpoint, opinion, judgement in regard to something; romantic, nostalgic feeling; emotional idealism; emotional significance]: ---------- Abstract Affection Altruism Antipathy Apprehension Attachment Belligerence Care Conceit Conception Concurrence Conservative Consideration Crave Desire Emotionalism Enthusiam Expressivity Fancy Fantasy Fondness Idealism Liberalism Libertarian Moralism Religiosity Revolutionary Romantic Spirituality Theatricalism References: ----- ------------- TRANCENDENTAL SPIRITUAL STATE [most cultural traditions revere the attainment of these states which range from shamanistic drug trance to examples of yogic abilities to control bodily processes that defy conventional understanding, so they are included without any attempt at a standard definition for what is a fairly common human concept, if a rarely achieved state]: ------------ Enlightenment Moksha Nirvana Satori References: ----- ----------- VALUES [See Ethics] ---------- References: ----- ----------------- VOCAL ACTIONS [vocalizations of all kinds, including speech (See Speech Actions) but largely concerned with non-verbal expressions of internal states]: ---------------- Aspirate Babble Belch Blow Blubber Bray Burp Choke Coo Cough Cry Eructate Exclaim Giggle Growl Gurgle Hiccup Hiss Howl Hoot Hum Inhalation Imitate:(mimic sounds) Laugh Mumble Raspberry Scream Shout Slurp Smack Sniff Sob Suck Trill Ululate Weep Whistle Yell Yodel References: ----- ----------------- WRITING ACTIONS [corollary of SPEECH ACTIONS, communications through use of verbal language in the form of writing]: ----------------- Basic Writing Act:Ask:Truthfully Basic Writing Act:Assert:Truthfully Basic Writing Act:Assertion:Truthfully Basic Writing Act:Agree:Truthfully Basic Writing Act:Agreement:Truthfully Basic Writing Act:Approve:Truthfully Basic Writing Act:Approval:Truthfully Basic Writing Act:Command:Truthfully Basic Writing Act:Counter:Truthfully Basic Writing Act:Disagree:Truthfully Basic Writing Act:Disagreement:Truthfully Basic Writing Act:Disapprove:Truthfully Basic Writing Act:Disapproval:Truthfully Basic Writing Act:Request:Truthfully Basic Writing Act:Question:Truthfully Basic Writing Act:Ask:Untruthfully Basic Writing Act:Assert: Untruthfully Basic Writing Act:Assertion: Untruthfully Basic Writing Act:Agree: Untruthfully Basic Writing Act:Agreement: Untruthfully Basic Writing Act:Approve: Untruthfully Basic Writing Act:Approval: Untruthfully Basic Writing Act:Command:Untruthfully Basic Writing Act:Counter: Untruthfully Basic Writing Act:Disagree: Untruthfully Basic Writing Act:Disagreement: Untruthfully Basic Writing Act:Disapprove: Untruthfully Basic Writing Act:Disapproval: Untruthfully Basic Writing Act:Request:Untruthfully Basic Speech Act:Question: UntruthfullyAnalyze Annotate Appeal Append Appraise Apprise Approve Apprehend Approximate Arbitrate Argue Arouse Arrange Articulate Ask Assimilate Associate Assume Assure Attach Attest Audit Autograph Aver Avow Back Backtrack Ban Band Bank Bar Beautify Begin Belay Bealeaguer Bend Berate Bet Bibliograph Bid Bide Bill Bind Biograph Book Blacken Blast Blaze Bluf Bluster Bombard Bond Bore Brace Bracket Braid Brake Breast Brew Bribe Brighten Broach Bruit Brutalize Brush Bull Bury Butter Button Bypass Cable Cajole Call Catechize Cause Celebrate Censor Censure Center Challenge Change Charge Charm Chase Chide Cipher Circumscribe Cite Civilize Claim Clarify Class Classify Clear Cleave Clip Cloak Clock Close Cloud Clown Clutter Coat Coddle Cogitate Coin Collect Color Combat Combine Command Commemorate Commense Comment Commentate Commit Commune Compact Compare Compass Compete Compile Complain Complete Compose Compound Compress Comprise Concatenate Conceal Concede Conceive Conciliate Concur Condemn Condense Condescend Conduct Configure Confirm Conform Confound Confront Confuse Conglomerate Congregate Conjecture Conjugate Connect Conquer Consecrate Consent Conserve Consider Consolidate Constitute Constrain Constrict Construct Construe Consult Consume Consummate Contact Conatin Contaminate Contemplate Contend Contest Continue Contract Contrast Contribute Contrive Control Controvert Converse Convert Convict Convocate Convulse Cook Cool Co-opt Coordinate Cope Copy Cordon Corner Correct Correspond Corroborate Corrupt Counsel countenance Counter Court Cover Cozen Craft Crave Create Criticize Cross Crow Crusade Cultivate Curb Curry Curtail Curtain Cushion Customize Cut Cycle Damage Damn Dampen Darken Date Daunt Deal Debate Debrief Deceive Decipher Deck Decide Declare Decline Decode Decontaminate Decree Decry Decrypt Deduce Deed Deface Defame Defect Defend Defer Defile Define Deflate Deform Defuse Degenerate Digress Delay Delete Delight Delineate Deliver Demand Demean Demonize Denote Depart Depict Depose Deprave Depress Deprive Derive, Derogate Describe Design, Designate Desire Despoil Detail Deter Develop Deviate Devise Devote Dictate Differentiate Diffuse Dig Digest Diminish Dip Direct Disagree Disarrange Disassociate Discount Discredit Discover Disfavor Dish Disinfect Dislocate Dismimember Dismiss Disorder Disparage Dispense Disperse Dispose Disprove Dissent Distinguish Distribute Divert Divide Divine Document Dominate Donate Double Draft Draw Dredge Drill Drip Drive Drub Drum Dry Duel Dull Dump Duplicate Dust Echo Economize Edify Edit Educate Effeace Effect Effectuate Effervesce Effloresce Effuse Egress Eject Elect Electrify elevate Elocute Ellude Emanate Emancipate Emasculate Embalm Embarass Embark Emblazon Embrace Embroidery Embroil Embed Embellish Emerge Emit Empanel Emphasize Emplace Employ Emulate Enable Enact Enamor Encapsulate Enchant Enclose Encode Encounter Encourage Encumber End Endanger Endeavor Endure Energize Enervate Enfeeble Enforce Engage Engender Engineer Engorge Engrave Engross Engulf Enhance Enjoin Enjoy Enlarge Enlighten Enlist Enliven Enmesh Ennoble Enrage Enrapture Enrich Enrobe Enroll Enshrine Ensare Entail Enter Entertain Enthrall Enthrone Enthuse Entice Entomb Entrance Entreat Entrench Entrust Entwine Envelope Envision Envy Epitomize Equalize Equate Equilibrate Equip Equivocate Eradicate Erase Erect Erode Eroticize Erotize Err Erupt Escalate Escape Escort Espouse Essay Establish Esteem Estimate Estrange Eternalize Eulogize Evacuate Evaluate Evanesce Evangelize Evaporate Evade Even Eventuate Eversion Evidence Evince Eviscerate Evoke Evolve Exacerbate Exact Exalt Examine Excavate Exceed Excel Excerpt Exchange Exclaim Excrete Excruciate Exculpate Excuse Execrate Execute Exemplify Exempt Exercise Exert Exhaust Exhibit Exit Exonerate Exorcise Expand Expect Expectorate Expedite Expel Expend Experience Experiment Expiate Expire Explain Explicate Explode Exploit Explore Export Expose Exposit Express Expropriate Expurgate Extemporize Extend Extenuation Externalize Extirpate Extort Extract Extradite Extricate Extrude Exuberate Fabulize Face Factor Fake Fail Falsify Familiarize Fan Fancify Fantasize Fare Farm Fart Fashion Fasten Father Fault Favor Fawn Fear Feast Feather Feature Feed Feint Felicitate Feminize Fence Ferment Ferry Fester Fetch Fete Fetter Feud Flatten Finctionalize Fiddle Field Fight Figure Fill Fillet File Filter Finagle Finalize Finance Find Finger Finish Fire Firm Fish Fist Fit Fix Flag Flail Flap Flatten Flavor flay Flee Fleece Flesh Fletch Flex Flicker Fling Flip Flirt float Flood Flop Flounce Flourish Flow Flower fluff Fluouresce flush Fluster Flutter Fly Foam Focus Fog Foil Foist Fold Follow Fool Foot Forage Forbid Force Forecast Doreclose Forsee Foreshadow Forestall Forfeit Forgive Form Format Formulate Formulize Fornicate Forswear Fortify Forward Fossilize Foul Found Fountain Fox Fractionalize Fracture Fragment Frame Franchise Fraternize Frazzle Free Freewheel Freeze Freshen Fret Frock Front Frost Froth Fruit Frustrate Fry Fuck Fuddle Fudge Fulminate Fumble Fund Funne;Furl Furnish Furnish Fuse Fuss Fuzz Gab Gaf Gag Gain Gall Fallop Galvanize Gambol Game Gang Gape Garb Garble Garden Garland Garnish Gas Gather Gauge Gawk Gaze Gear Geld Generalize Generate Genitive Gentle Germinate Gestate Gesture Get Ghettoize Gibber Gift Gild Gimmick Gird Girdle Give Gladden Glamorize Glance Glare Glaze Gleam Glide Glimmer Glitter Glorify Glory Gloss Glow Glower Glue Gnarl Gnash Gnaw Go Goad Gobble Goggle Goose Gore Gorge Gossip Gourmandize Govern Grab Grace Grade Graduate Graft Grant Granulate Graph Grapple Grasp Grate Grave Gravitate Gravure Graze Grease Green Greet Grift Grill Grime Grin Grip Gripe Grizzle Groan Groom Groove Grope Grouch Ground Group Grouse Grow Growl Grub Grudge Grumble Grunt Gruntle Guard Guarantee Guffaw Guide Gull Gulp Gun Gurgle Gush Gutter Gyp Habituate Hack Hail Hallow Halt Hammer Hand Handicap Handicraft Handle Hang Hanker Harass Harden Hare Harmonize Harrow Harry Hassle Hasten Hate haunt Hawk Head Heal Hear Hearten Heat Heave Hedge Heed Heel Helm Hem Herald Hew Hex Hibernate Hide Hijack Hike Hinder Hint Hire Hiss Historicize Hit Hoard Hog Hoist Hold Hole Holler Hollow Holster Home Homogenize Honor Hood Hoof Hook Hoot Hop Hope horn Horse Hospitalize Hound House Hover Howl Huddle Hug Hull Humanize Humble Humor Hump Hunger Hunt Hurl Hurry Hurt Hush Hybridize Hydrate Hyperbolize Hypertrophy Hyphenate Hypnotize Hypothesize Ice Iconize Idealize Ideate Identifier Ideologize Idolize Ignite Ignore Illegalize Illuminate Illustrate Image Imagine Imbalance Imbue Imitate Immobilize Immunize Initiate Immure Impact Impair Impart Impassion Impede Impend Impersonalize Ompersonate Impinge Implant Implement Implicate Implode Imply Import Importune Impose Impound Impoverish Imprecate Impregnate Impress Imprint O,[rpve Improvise Impugn Impute Inactivate Inaugrate Incarnate Incense Incept Inch Incinerate incise Incline Include Incommode Inconvenience Incorporate Incorrupt Increase Increment Incriminate Incubate Inculcate Incur Indent Indenture Index Indicate Indict Indispose Individualize Individuate Induce Induct Indulge Industrialize Indwell Inebriate Inept Infect Infer Infiltrate Inflate Inflect Inflict Influence Inform Infuse Ingrain Ingratiate Imgress Inhabit Inhale Inhere Inherit Inhibit Iinitiate Inject injure Ink Immigrate Innovate Innumerate Inoculate Input Inquire Insatiate Inscribe Inseminate Insert Inset Insight Insinuate Insist Inspect Inspire Instigate Instill Institute Instruct Insulate Insult Insure Integrate Intellectualize Intend Interact Intercede Intercept Interchange Interconnect Interdict Interest Interface Interfere Intergrade Interiorize Interleave Interlock Intermediate Intermix Internalize Intensify Interpenetrate Interpolate Interoperate Interpose Interpret Interrupt Intersect Intervene Interview Intimate Intimidate Intonate Intoxicate Intricate Intrigue Introduce Introspect Intrude Intuit Inure Invade Invalidate Inveigh Invent Invert Invest Investigate Invigorate Invite Invocate Invoke Involve Iris Irk Iron Irradiate Iritate Irrupt isolate Issue Italicize Itemize Iterate Jam Jaw Jerk Jest Jet Jibe Jig Jigger Jiggle Jilt Jimmy Jingle Jockey Jog Join Joke Jolly Jolt Josh Journalize Journey Judge Juggle Jump Junk Justify Juxtapose Keen Keep Ken Key Kick Kid Kill Kindle Kite Knap Knead Kneel Knit Knock Knot Know Knuckle Label Labor Lace Lacerate Lade Ladle Lag Lament Laminate Lampoon Lance Land Languish Lap Latch Latinize Launch Lave Lay Laze Lead Leaf Leak Leap Lease Leave Legislate Lend Leaven Lecture Let Letter Level Lever Levitate Liaison Libel Liberate License Lick Lie Lift Light Lighten Like Lilt Limit Limn Limp Line LinkLiquify Liquidate List Listen Live Load :oaf Loan Loathe Lob Lobby Locate Lock Locomote Lodge Loft Log Look Loom Loop Loosen Loot Lop Lord Lose Lounge Love Lower Lug Lumber Luminesce Lump Lunge Lurk Lust Luxuriate Machinate Madden Magnetize magnify Mail Maim Maintain Make Malign Malinger Malnourish Malt Man Manage Mandate Manicure manifest Manipulate mantle Manufacture Map Ma Marllize March Marginalize Marinade Mark Market Markup Maroon Marry Masquerade Mask Mass Massacre Massage Master Masticate Masturbate Match Mate Matriculate Matter mature Maul Maximize Mean Meander Measure Mediate Meditate Meet Meld Melt Memorialize Memorize Mend Merchandize Mesmerize Mess Meter Methoize Mew Militate M ince Mind Mine Miniaturize Minimize Minister Mint Mire Miscible M\Misdeed Miser Misfire Misinterpret Misalliance Misscarry mishandle Misplace Minread Misrule Miss Misstate Mist Mistake Mistrust Misuse Misunderstand Miter Mitigate Mix Mob Mobilize Mock Mode Model Moderate Modernize Modify Modularize Modulate Mold Monetize Monopolize Monumentalize Moor Mop Mortgage Mortify Mosey Mother Motivate Motor Motorize Mound mount Mourn Mouth Move mow Muck Muddle Muff Mug Mull Multiply Mumble Mummify Murder Murmur Muscle Muse Mush Muss Mutate Mute Mythologize Nab Nag Nail Name Narcotize Narrate Narrow Navigate Nebulize Neck Needle Negate Neglect Negotiate Nest Net Neuter Nibble Nick Nip Nix Nod Normalize Nose Note Notarize Notate Novelize Number Nucleate Nudge Nullify Numerate Nurse Nuzzle Obey Object Objectify Obligate oblige Obscure Observe Obsess Obtain Obtrude Occasion Occlude Occupy Odorize Offend Offer Omit Open Operate Opiate Oppose Opt Optimize Option Orate Orb Orbit Order Ordinate Organize Orient Originate Ornament Orthogonalize Oscillate OsifyOstracise Outcross Outdraw Outgas Outgrow Outlaw Output Outride Outsize Outsmart Outstand Outstare Outwit Overact Overadvertise Overamplify Overanalyze Overarm Overarouse Overarrange Overarticulate Overassert Overassist overbake Overbeat Overbill Overbleach Overboil Overbook Overborrow Overbuild Overcharge Overchill Overcentralize Overcivilize Overclaim Overclassify Overclean Overcoach Overcome Overcommercialize Overcommit Overcompensate Overcomplicate Overcompress Overconcetrate Overconcern Overconstruct Overconsume Overcontrol Overcook Overcrowd Overcure Overdecorate Overdeliberate Overdesign Overdevelop Overdifferenitate Overdirect Overdiscount Overdiversify Overdo Overdose Overdramatize Overdraw Overdry Overdub Overedit Overelaborate Overemote Overemphasize Overenamored Overencourage Overenthuse Overequip Overestimate Overevaluate Overexaggerate Overexcite Overexercise Overexert Overexpand Overexpect Overexplain Overexploit Overextend Overextract Overextrapolate Overexuberate Overfavor Overfertilize Overflow Overfocus Overfulfill Overfund Overgeneralize Overgovern Overgraze Overfrow Overhang Overheat Overhunt Overhype Overidealize Overidentify Overimpress Overindulge Overindustrialize Overinflate Overinform Overintensify Overissue Overkill Overlay Overlabor Overlap Overleap Overlend Overload Overlook Overman Overmanage Overmannered Overmedicate Overmilk Overmine Overmix Overnourish Overorganize Overornament Overpay Overpeedal Overpeople Over play Overplay Overplant Overplay Overplot Overpower Overpraise Overprescribe Overprice Overprint Overprize Overprocess Overproduce Overpromise Overprotect Overpump Iverrate Overreact Overreach Overrepresent Override Overrefine Overregulate Overrely Overreport Overreport Overrespond Overrich Overrouge Overrun Oversalt Oversaturate Oversauce Oversecrete Oversee Oversell Overservice Overset Overship Overshoot Oversimplify Oversize Oversmoke Oversolicit Oversophisticate Overspecialize Overspeculate Overspend Overstaff Overstate Overstep Overstimulate Overstock Overstrain Overstretch Overstructure Overstuff Oversupply Oversweeten Overswing Overtake Overtalk Overtax Overthink Overtighten Overtip Overtire Overtrain Overtreat Overturn Overuse Overutilize Overwater Ovewhelm Overwithhold Overwork Owe Own Oxidize Oxygenate Pace Pacify Pack Package Pad Paddle Page Paginate Pain Paint Pair Palaver Pall Palletize Palm Palpate Pamper Pan Pander Panic Pant Paper Parallel Paralyze parameterize Parasitize Parboil Parcel Parch Pardon Pare Parent Parenthesize Park Parley Parley Parodize Parrot Parse Part Partake Participate Particularize Partition Partner Party Pass Paste Pasteurize Pasture Pat Patch Patent Patter Pattern Pause Pave Pawn Pay Peck Pedal Peddle Peek Peel Peep Peer Peeve Peg Pelt Pen Penalize Pencil Penetrate Pennate Pension Pepper Perceive Percolate Percuss Peregrinate Perfect Perforate Perform Perfume Perfuse Perish Permit Permute Perorate Perpend Perpetrate Persist Personalize Perspire Persuade Pertain Perturb puruse Pervade Pervert Pester Pet Pet Petrify Pew Philosophize Photocompose Photoengrave Phtograph Phrase Pick Picket Pickle Picnic Pictorialixze Picturize Piece Pierce Pike Pile Pill Pillow Pilot Pin Pinch Pine Pinfold Pinion Pink Pinpoint Pioneer Pip Pipe pirate Piss Piston Pit Pitch Pity Pivot Pixelate Pixilate Placate Place Plague Plait Plan Plane Plant Plaster Plasticize Plate Platonize Platoon Play Plead Please Pledge Plink Plod Plough Plow Pluck Plug Plumb Plummet Plump Plunder Plunge Ply Pock Pocket Poeticize Point Poison Poke Polarize Pole Police Politicize Poll Poll Polygraph Polymerize Ponder Pool Pop Popularize Populate Pore Prter portray Pose Position Possess Post Posterize Postpone Posture Pot Potentiate Potter Pounce Pound Pour Pout Powder Power Practice Praise Prance Prank Prate Pray Preach Preadapt Prearrange Preassign Precede Precess Precipitate Precool Predate Predestine Predetermine Predicate Predict Predigest Predominate Premployment Preempt Preen Preenroll Preexist Preflight Prefabricate Preface Prefer Prefigure Preformulate Preduge Premeditate Premix Premoisten Preoccupy Prepare Preposses Prerecord Preregister Prerinse Presage Prescind Prescript Present Preserve Preshrunk Presoak Press Pressurize Prestamp Presume Pretax Pretend Pretest Pretreat Prevail Prevaricate Prevent Preview Prewash Prewrap Prey Price Prick Prickle Prime Primp Print Prioritize Prize Probate probe Proceed Process Proclaim Procrastinate Procure Prod Produce Profane Profess Proffer Profile Profit Profuse Prognosticate Program Progress Prohibit Project Promenade Promise Promote Prompt Promulgate Ponate Prong Pronounce Prop Propagate Propel Prophesy Propose Propound Prosecute Pospect Prosper Protect Protend Potest Prototype Protract Prove Proverb Provide Provision Provoke Prowl Prune Psychologize publish Puddle Puff pull Pulp Pulse Pump Punch Punctate Punctuate Pungle Punish Punt Purchase purge Purr Pursue Push Put Puzzle Quaff Quail Quake Qualify Quantify Quantize Quarrel Quarry Quarter Quash Quell Quench Query Quest Question Quicken Quiet Quill Qunitple Quip Quit Quote Rabbet Race Rack Raddle Radiate Radicalize Radio Raft Rag Rage Raid Rail Railroad Rain Raise Rake Rally Ram Ramble Ramp Ranch Radomize Range Rank Rankle Ransack Ransom Rap Rape Rappel Rarefy Rasp Rat Ratchet Rate Ratify Rationcinate Ration Rationalize Rattle Ravage Rave Raven Ravish Raze Razor Reabsorb Reach Reacquaint React Reacquire Reactivate Read Readdress Readjust Readmit Readopt Ready Reaffirm Reaffix Realize Reallocate Ream Reanalyze Reanimate Reappear Reapply Reappoint Reapportion Reappraise Rearrange Reason Reassemble Reassign Reattach Reave Reawaken Rebate Rebel Rebound Rebirth Rebury Rebuild Rebut Recalculate Recall Recant Recap Recast Recede Receive Recertify Recharge Recheck Reciprocate Recite Reck Reclaim Reclassify Recline Reclose Recluse Recognize Recoil Recombine Recommend Recompile Reconceive Reconcile Reconfigure Reconfirm Reconnect Reconnoiter Reconsider Reconstitute Reconstruct Recontact Reconvene Reconvert Reconvey Record Recount Recoup Recover Recreate Reciminate Recrudesce Recruit Rectify Recuperate Recur Recuse Redact Recut Redden Redeliver Rededicate Redeem Redirect Redistrict Rediscover Redispose Redivide Redouble Redound Redraw Redress Reduce Reduplicate Reedify Reef Reek Reel Reembroider Reemerge Reemphasize Reemploy Reenact Reenergize Reenlist Reequip Reestablish Reestimate Reentry Reevaluate Reexamine Refectory Refer Refight Refill Refine Refinish Refit Reflect Refold Reformat Reform Reformulate Refract Refrain Refreeze Refresh Refrigerate Refuel Refurnish Refuse Refute Regale Regain Regard Regenerate Register Regress Regret Regrind Regroom Regroove Regroup Regrowth Regulate Regularize Regurgitate Rehabilitate Rehandle Rehash Rehear Rehearse Reheat Rehire Rehouse Rehumanize Rehydrate Rehypnotize Reidentify Reify Reign Reignite Reimmerse Reimplant Reimpose Reimport Rein Reincorporate Reindict Reindustrialize Reinfest Reinforce Reinhabit Reinitiate Reinject Reinjure Reink Reinervate Reinoculate Reinsert Reinspect Reinstall Reinstitute Reinterpret Reinterview Reintroduce Reinvade Reinvent Reinvestigate Reinvigorate Reject Rejoice Rejoin Rejuvenate Reknit Relabel Relapse Relate Relax Relay Relearn Release Relegate Relent Relicense Relieve Relight Reline Relinquish Relish Relive Reload Relocate Relubricate Rely Remail Remand Remark Remarket Remarry Rematerialize Remeasure Remedy Remelt Remember Remerge Remigration Remilitarize Remind Reminisce Remint Remit Remobilize Remoisten Remold Remonetize Remonstrate Remotivate Remove Remythologize Renail Rename Rend Render Renew Renominate Renovate Rent Reoccupy Reoccur Reorder Reorient Reoutfit Rexoidize Repack Repackage Repaint Repair Repattern Repave Repay Repeal Repeat Repel Repent Rephotograph Rephrase Replace Replan replant Replate Replay Repledge Replenish Replicate Replot Replumb Reply Repolarize Repolish Repoll Repopularize Repot Report Repose Reposit Repossess Repower Reprehend Represent repress Reprimand Reprint Reprise Reproach Reprobate Reproduce Reprogram Reprove Repudiate Repugn Repulse Repurchase Repurify Repute Request Require Requite Rerack Rereach Rerecord Reroof Reroute Rerun Resample Resaw Reschedule Rescore Rescreen Reschool Rescue Resculpt Reseal Research Reseason Reseat Resecure Reseed Resegregate Resell Resemble Resend Resent Resensitize Reserve Reservice Resettle Resew Reshape Reshave Reshingle Reship Reshoe Reside Resign Resist Resize Resoak Resocialize Resod Resolder Resole Resolve Resolidify Resonate Resorb Resort Resow Respecify Respect Respell Respirate Respire Respond Respot Respray Resprout Rest Restack Restage Restamp Restandardize Restart Restimulate Restock Restore Restrain Restrengthen Restress Restrict Restructure Restudy Restuff Restyle Resubmit Result Resume Resummon Resupinate Resupply Resurface Resurge Resurrect Resurvey Resuscitate Resuspend Resyntheize Retable Retackle Retag Retake Retail Retain Retaliate Retard Retarget Retaste Retch Reteach Reteam Retell Retexture Rethread Reticulate Retie Retighten Retime Retire Retool Retort Retouch Retract Retransfet Retransform Retranslate Retransmit Retread Retreat Retrench Retrofire Retrofit Retrospect Retry Retune Return Retype Reunify Reunite Reupholster Reuse Reutilize Revaccinate Revalidate Revalorize Revaluate Reveal Revel Reverberate Revere Reverse Revert Revet Revictual Revile Review Revise Revisit Revisualize Revitalize Revive Revivify Revoke Revolt Revolute Revolve Revote Rewake Reward Rewarm Rewash Reweave Reweigh Rewet Rewind Rewire Rewrap Rewrite Rhapsodize Rhyme Rhythmize Rib Rid Riddle Ride Ridicule Riffle Rifle Right Rigidify Rile Rill Rim Rime Ring Rinse Riot Rip Ripe Ripple Rise Risk Ritualize Rival Rive Rivet Roach Roar Roast Rob Robe Robotize Rock Rocket Roil Roister Roll Romance Romanize Romanticize Romp Roof Rook Room Roost Root Roughen Round Rouse Rout Route Routinize Rove Row Rub Ruddle Rue Ruff Ruffle Ruin Rule Rumble Ruminate Rummage Rumor Rumple Run Rupture Rush Rust Rustle Rustproof Rut Ruth Sabotage Ssack Sacrifice Sadden Saddle Safeguard Sag Sail Saint Salivate Sally Salsify Salt Salute Salvage Salve Sample Sanctify Sand Sandbag Sandwich Sanitize Sap Sashay Sass Sate Satirize Satisfy Saturate Sauce Savage Save Savor Say Scab Scald Scale Scallop Scalp Scamper Scan Scandalize Scapegoat Scar Scare Scarify Scatter Scavenge Scent Schedule Schematize Schismatize School Scintillate Scissor Scoff Scoop Scoot Scope Scorch Score Scorn Scotch Scout Scowl Scrag Scramble Scrap Scrape Scratch Scrawl Screak Scream Screech Screen Screw Scribe Scrieve Scrimmage Script Scroll Scrounge Scrub scrunch Scruple Scrutinize scud Scuff Scull Scumble Scupper Scurry Scutter Scuttle Scythe Seal Seam Sear Season Seat Secede Second Secret Secretary Secrete Section Secularize Secure Sedate Seduce See Seed Seem Seer Seethe Segment Segregate Segue Seize Select Selfappointed Selfcongratulate Selfcontain Selfcorrect Selfdetermine Selfexpression Selfgovern Selfjustify Selfpollinate Selfreflect Selfrespect Selfsacrifice Selfsatisfy Selfserve Selfstimulate Selfsupport Selfteach Sell Semiretire Send Sense Sensitize Sensualize Sentence Sentimentalize Separate Sequence Sequester Sere Serialize Sermonize Serrate Serve Service Set Sever Sew Sex Sexualize Shack Shade Shado Shaft Shag shake Shamble Shame Shank Shape Share Sharpen Shave shear Sheathe Sheet Shellac Shelve Shend shield Shift Shill Shim Shimmer Shine Shingle Ship Shirk Shit Shiver Shock Shoe shoestring Shoo Shoot Shop Shore Shortcircuit Shorten Shotgun Should shoulder Shout Shovel Show Shoer Shrew Shriek Shrill Shrimp Shrink Shrive shrivel shroud Shrug Shuck shudder Shudder Shuffle Shun Shunt Shut Shutter Shuttle Shy Sibilate Sick Sicken Sickle Side Sideline Sidespin Sidestep Sidetrack Sideheel Sidle Sift Sigh Sight Sign Singal Signalize Signify Silence Silkscreen Silver Simmer Simper Simplify Simulate Simulcast Sing Singe Single Singularize Cinicize Sin Sink Sip Siphon Sire Sit Site Situate Size Skate Skeletonize Skelp sketch Skew Skeer Ski Skid Skim Skimp Skin Skip Skirmish Skirt Skitter Skittle Skulk Skunk Slacken Slam Slander Slap Slash Slate Slaughter Slave Slay Sleave Sled Sleeken Sleep Slenderize Sleuth Slew Slice Slick Slide Slight Slim Slime Sling Slin Slip Slit Sliver Slobber Glog Sloganeer slop Slope Slosh Slot Slouch Slough Slow Slug Sluice slum Slumber Slump Slur slurp slush Smack Smart Smarten Smash Smear Smell Smile Smirch Smirk Smith Smoke Smoulder Smooth Smother Smudge Snack Snag Snail snake snap Snarl Snatch Sneak Sneap Sneer Snick Snicker Sniff Snip Snipe Snivel Snoop Snoot Snore Snort Sno Snub Snuff Snug Snuggle Soak soap Soar Sob Sober Socialize Sock Socket sod Soften Softsoap Soil Sojourn Solder Soldier Solemnize Slicit Solidify Soliloquize Solubize Solve Somnambulate Sonicate Sothe Soothsay Sop Sorrow Sort SoufflŽ Sound Sour Sow Space Spackle spade Span Spank Spar spare Spark spasm Spat Spatter Spatialize Span Speak Spear Spearfish Specialize Speciate Specify Speckle spectate Speed Spell Spellbind Spend Spew Spice Spiel Spike Spill Spin Spindle Spiral Spirit Spiritualize Spit Spite Splash Splat Splay Splice Splint Split Splutter Spoil Spoke sponge Sponsor Spook Spool Spoon Sport Spot Spout spouse Spout Sprain Sprawl spray Spread Spring Sprinkle Sprint Sprout Spruce Spume Spur Spurge Spurt Sputter Spy Squabble Squall Squander Square Squash Squat Squawk Squeak Squeal Squeeze Squelch Squib Squiff Squiggle Squinch Squint Squire Squirm Squirrel Squirt Squish Squoosh Stab Stabilize Stable Stack\ Stsaff Stage Stagger Stagnate Stain Stake Stale Stalk Stall Stammer Stampede Stamp Stanch Stand Standardize Staple Star Starch Stare Stargaze Start Startle Starve Stash State Station Stave Stay Steady Steal Steam Steel Steep Steepen Steeple Steer Stem Step Stereotape Stereotype Sterilize Strew Steward Stick Stickle Stiff Stifle Stigmatize Still Stimulate Sting Tink Stint Stipple Stipulate Stir Stitch Stock Stockade Stockpile Stodge Stoke Stomach Stone Stoop Stop Stopper Store Storm Story Storyboard Stouten Stove Stow Straddle Straggle Straighten Strain Strand Strangle Strap Strategize Stratify Stray Streak Stream Strengthen Stress Stretch Strew Striate Stride Strike String Strip Stripe Strive Stoke Stroll Structuralize Structure Struggle Strum Strut Stub Stud Study Stuff Stultify Stump Stun Stutter Style Stylize Subclassify Subcontract Subdivide Subduct Subdue Subject Subjugate Subjectivize Sublease Sublime Submerge Submerse Submiss Subordinate Subscribe Subserve Subsidize Subsist Substitute Subsume Subtend Subtitle Subtract Subvert Subvocalize Succeed Succor Succumb Suck Suckle Sue Suffer Suffice Suffocate Sugarcoat Suggest Suicide Suit Sulk Sully Sum Summarize Summon Sun Sup Supercede Supercool Superintend Supersede Supervene Supervise Supplant Support Suppose Supurate Surface Surge Surmise Surprise Surrender Surround Surveil Survey Survive Suspect Suspend Suspire sustain Suture Swab Swag Swagger Swallow Swamp Swap swarm Swashbuckle Swat Swathe Sway Swear Sweat Sweep Sweeten Swell Swelter Swim Swindle Swing Swipe Swirl Swish Switch Swivel Swizzle Swoon Swoop Sswoosh Syllabicate Symbolize Sympathize Sychronize Syndicate Synergize Synonymizr Synthesize Systematize Tab Table Tack Tackle Tag Tail Taint Take Talk Tally Tame Tamp Tan Tangle Tango Tnk Tantalize Tap Tape Taper Tar Target Tarnish Task Taste Tatter Tattle Tattoo Taunt Tauten Tax Taxi Teach Teram Tear Tease Technologize Tee Teem Teeter Telegraph Telemeter Telephone Telescope Teleview Televise Tell Temper Temporalize Temporize Tempt Tend Tender Tense Tent Tenure Term Terminate Terrace Terrify Terrorize Tessellate Test Testify Tether Thank Thatch Thaw Theatericalize Theorize Thicken Thin Think Thirst Thrash Thread Threat Thresh Thrill Thrill Throb Throe Throttle Throw Thrum thrust Thumb Thump Thunder Tick Tiket Tickle Tide Tidy Tighten Tile Till Tilt Time Tin Tinge Tingle Tinker Tinkle Tipple Tire Tithe Titillate Title Ttittle Toady Toddle Toe Toggle Toil Toke Token Tolerate Toll Tone Tongue Tool Toot tooth Top Topple Torch Torment Torpedo Torque Torture Toss Totaltote Totter Touch Toughen Tour Tout Tow Towel Tower Toxify Toy Trace Track Tractate Tractor Trade Traffic Trail Train Tram Trammel Tramp Transact Transcend Transcribe Transduce Transfer Transfigure Transform Transfuse Transgress Transit Translate Trasmit Transpire Transport Transpose Transshape Trap Trash Travel Traverse Trawl Tread Treason Treasure Treat Tree Trek Tremor Trench Trend Trespass Triangulate Trick Trickle Trifle Trigger Trill Trim Trip Tripple Triplicate Triturate Teivialize Troll Tromp Troop Trounce Truck Trudge Trump Trumpet Truncate Trundle Truss Trust Ttry Tryst Tuck Tug Tumble Tune Tunne; Turn Tusk tutor Twaddle Tweezer Twin Twine Twinge Twist Twitter Twotime Type Typify Tyranize Uglify Ulcerate Ultracentrifuge Unable Unbend Unblock Unbolt Uunraid Unbuck;e Unbuild unburden Unbutton Uncover Undercharge Undercut Underestimate Undergo Underlie Underpin Underplay Underprice Underrate Underscore Undersell Understand Underway Underwrite Undersign Undo Undress Undulate Unearth Unfasten Unfold Unfrock Unhinge Unify Unite Unlearn Unleash Unload Unlock Unnerve Unravel Unreel Unsaddle Unscramble Unseat Unstring Untie Untruss Unveil Unwind Unwrap Unzip Upend Upgrade Upheave Uphold Uplift Uprise Uproot Upset Upstage Upsweep Upturn Uge Urinate Use Usurp Utilize Utter Vacate Vaccinate Vacuum Vacuumize Vagabond Vail Validate Valorize Valuate Value Vamp Van Vandalize Vanish Vanquish Vaporize Variate Varnish Vary Vault Vaunt Vector Vegetate Veil Vend Veneer Venerate Vent Ventilate Ventriloquize Verge Verify Verse Versify Version Vest Vesture Veto Vex Vibrate Victimize Victual Videotape Vie View Vilify Vindicate Violate Vise Vision Visit Visualize Vitalize Vitiate Vitrify Vituperate Vivify Vivisect Vocalize Vociferate Voice Void Volatilize Volley Volunteer Vomit Vote Vouch Vouchsafe Vow Vayage Vulcanize Vulgarize Wad Wade Waffle Waft Wag Wage Waggle Wagon Wail Wait Waive Wake Waken Wale Walk Wall Wallop Wallow Waltz Wand Wander Wane Want War Ward Ware Warm Warn Warp Warrant Wash Waste Watch Water Wave Wax Waylay Weaken Wean Wear Weary Weasel Weather Weave Wed Wedge Weed Weep Weigh Weight Welcome Weld Welt Wend Westernize Wet Whack Whale Wham Whang Wheel Wheeze Whelm Whiff Whine Whip Whipsaw Whir Whirl Whisk Whisper Whistle Whiten Whittle Whiz Whomp Whoop Whop Whore Wicker Widen Widow Wield Wiggle Will Wilt Wimple Win Wince Wind Windmill Window Wing Wink Winnow Winter Wipe Wire Wish Witch Withdraw Witness Wizen Wobble Wolf Womanize Wonder Work Worm Worry Worsen Would Wound Wow Wrang;e Wrap Wrench Wrest Wrestle Wriggle Wring Write Writhe Wrong X-ray Yabber Yacht Yap Yaw yearn Yellow Yelp yield Yip Yoke Yowl Zero Zig Zing Zip Zone Zonk Zoom