Accepted domains are used to verify that a company representative is employed at a member company during sign up. When accepted domains are enforced, each member company provides a list of domains on which company email addresses are based (i.e., the accepted domains list). The domain of an email address entered by a user signing up as a company representative must match a domain on their company's list, rather than a private email address. Company representatives can also be required to use an email address that conforms to their company's accepted domains throughout their tenure with the organization, ensuring that email from the organization is only sent out directly to a known set of member-company-owned domains.

See Also company representative, domain, domain name.

A generic term for a user's or company's records in the database. Kavi Billing uses the term " Billing Account" specifically for any company and user records stored in its database.

Typically active or inactive, although Kavi Billing and Kavi Commerce use a larger set of statuses. The account status indicates where the account is in its life cycle and whether the account holder currently has access to online tools.

See Also active, inactive.

Term used by Kavi Billing. The account type can be user, company, pending user or pending company. The account type indicates whether the billing account is for a regular user or company, or for a user or company whose membership application is still pending.

Term used in Kavi Groups. Action items act as a task list for a group. Each action item has an owner, a due date, and a description. Once an action item is complete, it can be closed, making it easy for the group to see which tasks are complete and which are outstanding.

Status indicating the holder of an account or record is in good standing. An active status typically indicates that the account owner has full privileges and is visible. For instance, active users can log into the web site, but inactive users cannot, and active profiles are displayed in the showcase, whereas inactive profiles are not.

See Also inactive.

The activity history is a human-readable record of any changes made to the database, including the date of the change, the activity type and any activity notes. Most Kavi software has one or more activity histories crafted to show changes made to a specific set of data. For example, Kavi Members has separate activity histories for users versus companies, listing the type of changes recorded in the user activity record to user data over time, and the company activity history to company data over time.

See Also activity type, activity note.

Comments added by an administrator or an application for inclusion in an activity history. Activity notes can only be seen by administrators.

See Also activity history.

Used in activity histories to indicate the nature of a change made. An activity type can be one of several default activity types (e.g., added, edited, email, etc.) or an activity type specific to an application or organization. In Kavi Members, organizations can create additional activity types as needed to record interactions with users and companies.

See Also activity history.

A privileged user in charge of maintaining data and responding to other user's requests. Kavi Members allows you to designate several kinds of administrators, including company admins, organization admins and report admins. Many Kavi software applications install specific administrator user types by default (e.g., Kavi Groups Administrator), but Organization Administrators have administrative access to most applications, so this is the ubiquitous administrative user type.

See Also user type.

An alias is a single email address that forwards messages to a group of other email addresses. An alias is really a shortcut: a convenient and often easily remembered way of sending email to many people at once. Unlike mailing lists, aliases have no applied rules: they are not moderated, are not archived, and cannot be managed using email commands. Aliases simply redistribute mail to the group of specified recipients.

Most Kavi software products recommend the use of an administrative alias or email address be used when sending out email from the applications and directing users to support. Most web sites will use the alias "admin@mydomain.org" as the administrative contact address. Managers and executive director's personal email addresses in the alias list are then forwarded any email sent to the admin alias. This is especially useful when staff members change as the alias list can be revised to include the new staff members without having to change the alias itself.

Kavi Mailing List Manager includes tools for creating and managing aliases.

See Also alias list, mailing list.

The list of email addresses to which an alias forwards every message it receives. For example, the alias list for a support alias such as "admin@example.org" may include the email addresses of managers and executive directors. Changes in the addresses in the alias list are transparent to users sending email to the alias, as the alias itself does not change. An alias list may contain other aliases, for instance, "admin@example.org" may be on the "webmaster@example.org" alias.

See Also alias.

"Allow list" is an ezmlm term for a list that stores the email addresses of users who are allowed to post messages to a mailing list directly, if list configuration permits. In lists managed by the Kavi Mailing List Manager, this is called a "Poster List". List moderators do not need to be added to the allow list. The separation of subscribers and posters into separate lists makes it possible to configure a list that distributes email to a different set of addresses than those from which it accepts email.

See Also mailing list, poster, Poster List.

Apache is a Unix-based, open-source web server that is used to host about half the sites on the Internet. Kavi web sites are hosted on Apache.

A user or company applying for an online account, group participation rights, or an organization membership. An applicant may be sent through a moderation process or may be automatically approved by the applications once the established criteria are met.

A collection of email messages stored on a server. A mailing list may have raw archives accessible via ezmlm email address commands, and may also have web-viewable, indexed archives supported by the MHonArc archiving tool.

See Also EZ Mailing List Manager, MHonArc.

An authenticated user is one who has successfully logged in to the web site. Several underlying application components will describe a logged in user as authenticated, or authorized. In Kavi Members, the 'authenticated' role grants basic access to the least-protected areas of the web site.

Term used by Kavi Commerce. A request to charge a credit card for a specified amount through a payment gateway. If the authorization request is granted, a reserve will be placed for the specified amount in the cardholder's account without actually capturing the funds. When appropriate, the card will be charged and the funds captured.

See Also delayed capture.

Term used in Kavi Groups. Documents uploaded to a folder can be assigned names automatically, rather than having their names added manually by the submitter. The assigned names are sequential and based on a user-defined format. For example, a document may be automatically assigned a prefix and a number.

Formal voting mechanism in Kavi Groups. Ballots can be issued for a single group or for the entire organization. Each ballot's list of eligible voters is generated based on the group's business rules, which may be very open or very restrictive. The passage of a ballot may be dependent on quorum requirements or a simple majority of votes cast.

Used by Kavi Billing, the bill ID is a human-readable identifier generated automatically when a new bill is created. The basic format for a bill ID can be configured by each organization.

Used by Kavi Billing, the bill status indicates where a bill is in its life cycle. Bill statuses include New, Pending, Paid, Overdue, Awaiting Gateway, Failed Gateway, Disputed, Refunded, Canceled, Deleted.

When an email cannot be delivered to an email address, it is returned to the sender. This returned message is called a bounce. Email can bounce for many reasons, including an improperly typed email address, an email address that is no longer viable, or a temporary network issue that blocks any email to the email address.

See Also bounce handling.

Ezmlm includes automatic tools that detect and remove bad email addresses from mailing lists. This process is called bounce handling. Typically, when an email address is bouncing mailing list messages, the mailing list will send out a special email to the address, called a probe, to see if the probe email can be delivered successfully. If the probe bounces too, the email address will be unsubscribed from the list. Kavi Mailing List Manager logs all email addresses removed by the bounce handler for all lists it manages.

See Also bounce, EZ Mailing List Manager, probe.

Internet service providers (ISPs) and organizations that manage mailing lists frequently use blocklists created by spam-prevention organizations. These blocklists contain the IP addresses of spammers. The ISP or mailing list spam filter scans the headers of incoming emails for the originating address, then looks to see if the IP address is on the list of known violators. Emails originating from users on the blocklist are automatically deleted.

See Also Kill List, IP address, internet address.

This term comes from the story of Hansel and Gretel, who left a trail of breadcrumbs in the forest so they could find their way home again. Breadcrumbs quickly show you where you are on a web site by displaying a series of links from the parent page to the current page. Breadcrumbs are typically located at the top of the web page, highlighted by a color bar.

Use of breadcrumbs significantly increases a your efficiency when navigating through tasks. If you are a regular user of the web site, and especially if you are an Organization Admin, you will benefit by regularly using breadcrumbs.

Software that allows you to "surf" the Internet. Mozilla Firefox, Safari, and Internet Explorer are examples of web browsers. A browser provides an interface for finding, viewing, hearing, and interacting with material on the Web.

Kavi software incorporates web standards to ensure that any browser will be able to use our sites. While any browser will work, using a browser with excellent built-in support for web standards (such as Mozilla's Firefox) will give you the best results, as these browsers take full advantage of all the usability and interoperability features outlined in web standards specifications.

A W3C Recommendation, CSS files are used to control the look of HTML web pages. CSS can define the fonts used, the colors, spacing, and other layout properties. Kavi software use CSS heavily to increase the ease with which the application can be made to match any web site's look and feel.

See Also Hyper Text Markup Language.

The browser cache stores the contents of all the Web pages you have viewed recently so they can be retrieved quickly.

Every time you want to view a web page, your browser looks to see if the page is already stored in the cache. If it is, the browser displays the page from the cache. Unfortunately, if the page on the Web changed since the last time you visited it and your browser displayed the old version from the cache, you won't be viewing the latest version of the page. This is referred to as a stale browser cache.

One of the core Kavi Showcase data components, catalog items contain information about a thing: usually a product, specific solution, or document. Every catalog item must be associated with a profile, just as any product should be associated with a company, or a document associated with the user who submitted it.

See Also profile.

Term used by Kavi Groups. Chair privileges are granted to group participants when setting up new groups or managing the group roster. The chair is considered the group leader, and by default will have additional management privileges and be sent email notifications not sent to regular group members.

Each group is required to have one or more chairs.

Informal, condensed information about changes made to Kavi applications. The changelog is updated and republished for every stable release.

A type of form, generally used for terms and conditions, that requires the user to click a checkbox indicating agreement before the user is taken to the next page of the signup process. If the user declines, they will generally not be allowed to proceed with signup. Click-through forms are probably familiar to most users as part of the installation process of most commercial software.

See Also terms and conditions.

Method of verifying an individual's wish to have their email address added to a mailing list before they are subscribed. In a closed-loop, confirmed opt-in subscription model, the mailing list sends a confirmation email to the email address associated with any subscription request. The potential subscriber must reply to this email, confirming their desire to be subscribed to the list and giving the list explicit permission to subscribe the email address.

The closed-loop, confirmed opt-in method of validating new subscribers is the gold standard for mailing lists. By seeking explicit permission from all subscribers, the mailing list is protected from spam complaints and reduces the risk of being blocklisted that is associated with less stringent subscription models.

See Also blockist.

Mailing lists that only allow subscribers to be added by administrators use the closed subscription model. Since users aren't allowed to subscribe directly, lists that use this model are often called "invitation-only" lists.

See Also open subscription model.

An organizing entity for a group of users. Kavi software applies the generic term "company" to a variety of different kinds of groups, including businesses, non-profits, schools, regional offices, etc. Most frequently, a company is a member of the organization through which company representatives participate in the organization's activities.

Company administration and contact types are used to classify users in relation to their company and designate specific people from a company as responsible for representing the company to the organization. Specific responsibilities for company administration and contact types vary from organization to organization. The default company administration and contact types and their associated roles are:

Company administrators are company representatives in charge of managing the company's information on the organization web site.

A company administrator's access is determined by the organization when configuring the web site. Typically, a company administrator can edit the company's information and company representative's information.

See Also company administration and contact type.

Term used by Kavi Members. Company for individuals is one of four possible purposes for a company. A company for individuals helps group individual members, as every user must be associated with a company regardless of whether they hold their own membership or not.

Some organizations that only have a few individual members create a company for individuals called 'Individual' to group with these users. This company can be hidden from individual members when they apply for membership if desired.

See Also member, membership, nonmember, purpose, staff or administration.

A person who gains access through their company, is a contact for the company, and acts on behalf of the company to secure a return on the company's investment in the organization.

See Also member, membership, nonmember, purpose, staff or administration.

Company types are used to The default company contact types and their associated roles are:

An organization whose primary members are companies. Users are allowed access to the site if they are employed by a member company or by the organization.

See Also individual-based organization.

Content type refers to the format of a file. When a document or file is uploaded, the user's browser passes along content type information to the web site. For example, if when a .ZIP file is uploaded, the browser should declare its content type as "application/zip".

Cookies are text files placed on your computer by a web site. Cookies store information about your visit to the web site, especially information that allows the system to maintain state. For instance, a cookie may be created after you login to identify you as an authenticated user so that you can navigate to different protected areas of the site without having to log back in every time you go to a new page. This kind of cookie is called a session cookie, it only exists as long as your browser session. If you close your browser, session cookies will be automatically deleted and you will have to log back in.

Kavi Edit uses persistent cookies to log editors onto public pages and give them access to Kavi Edit tools.

A simple file format used to transfer data from one application to another. Each line of the file contains an ordered list of values, with the value for each field in the row separated by a comma from the next value. The first line in the file contains the names of database column headings (e.g., 'first_name', 'last_name', 'company_name'), and each subsequent row corresponds to a record in the database. CSV is one of three formats in which data can typically be downloaded from Kavi software.

See Also Excel, pipe-delimited.

Used by both Kavi Billing and Kavi Commerce, the 'created by' field indicates which application triggered the creation of the bill or transaction. For example, if a bill is created as part of the membership application process, the 'created by' value for that bill would be 'Kavi Members', as Kavi Members is the application that handles membership signup.

Security codes, also known as CVV2 (Visa) or CVC2 (MasterCard), are three- or four-digit codes printed on credit cards. Because the code isn't raised, it won't appear on sales receipts, nor is it included in the magnetic stripe information collected by electronic credit card readers and it is not used in billing statements. This ensures that the card holder must have the card on hand in order to use this code.

A collection of organized data, usually stored as a series of tables for rapid search and retrieval. Kavi Members and Kavi Groups use the MySQL relational database management system to facilitate reporting, management and dynamic content.

When shopping at an online store, it is considered best practice for the merchant to abstain from charging the customer's credit card until the goods are shipped. Delayed capture is the second step in the delayed settlement process, following the authorization of the charge that was made when the order was first placed. When the order is fulfilled, the information from a prior authorization is used to capture funds.

See Also authorize charge.

This is a payment process involving two transactions. Authorization is acquired in the first transaction, generally when an order is placed, and funds are captured in a second transaction once the order has shipped.

See Also authorize charge, delayed capture.

An action taken after a membership expires and is not renewed within a specified length of time (i.e., grace period). The organization sets what type of delinquent action will be imposed, if any. Delinquent actions supported by Kavi Members include account and membership deactivation.

For instance, an organization's policy could allow a 90 day grace period, after which the delinquent action of deactivating the member's account would be implemented. If a member allows their membership to expire and does not renew the membership within 90 days, the member's account would automatically be deactivated. Account deactivation is the delinquent action for this membership.

All memberships are automatically archived at the end of the grace period set in Kavi Members, regardless of whether a delinquent action is specified or not.

See Also grace period, status.

A digest subscriber receives email sent to the mailing list in batches: many messages rolled into one. By default, a digest subscriber receives email after 30 messages, 48 hours, or 64 kilobytes of message body text have accumulated since the last digest. Digest subscription is an alternative to regular subscription, where users will receive every email sent to the list individually as it comes in. Users have the ability to select from these two options when managing their subscriptions.

See Also moderator, poster, Poster List, regular subscriber.

A listing of users or companies and their contact information. Kavi Members features include configurable directories with search and download capabilities.

As it is used by Kavi Groups, the term document refers to any kind of file; for example, Microsoft Word (.DOC), Microsoft Excel (.XLS), Adobe Acrobat (.PDF), multimedia (.MPEG, .WAV), executable (.EXE), graphic (.GIF, .JPEG), text (.TXT), and so on. These files reside in folders and are associated with specific groups.

A revision is a second copy or related document uploaded with an original document in Kavi Groups. All revisions of a document are listed together in the documents repository, and can reflect the progress of a document from the initial draft to the final published version.

Term used by Kavi Groups. A document type is a collection of one or more content types, which is used to display an icon next to the document. Because many browsers submit slightly different content types for what is really the same type of file Kavi Groups associates each of those different content types to a single document type. For example, GIF, JPEG, and other similar content types are all grouped into the document type of "image".

The unique portion of a URL, usually appears directly after "http://www." in a Web site's Internet address. The domain consists of domainname.tld (where .tld stands for the top-level domain, such as .org, .com, .edu, etc.). This unique domain also appears in email addresses following the @ symbol (e.g., username@domainname.tld).

In Kavi documentation, the domain of the organization is represented by 'example.org', while the domain of a company is represented by 'example.com'. The organization's Web site address would appear as 'www.example.org' and a user's company email address appears as 'username@example.com'.

See Also accepted domains, fully qualified domain name, subdomain, top-level domain, Uniform Resource Locator.

A system of servers distributed over the Internet that are used to translate fully qualified domain names, such as those used in email addresses, into IP addresses. When transferring an email, the Mail Transfer Agent uses the DNS to locate a server that accepts email for the address domain.

See Also fully qualified domain name, IP address, internet address, mail transfer agent.

The duration of a membership is the length of time a membership will last (e.g., 6 months, 1 year, a lifetime).

Membership dates for a specific type of membership may be based on a duration (e.g., one year, a lifetime) or a term (e.g., Jan. 1st to Dec. 31st of a given year). If the membership type used a fixed duration of one year, the memberships of Member A and Member B would both last a year, but each membership would have different start and end dates. If a membership type uses a fixed term, Member B who joins mid-term would have a different start date than Member A who joined before the term began, but both memberships would expire on the same day.

See Also term.

Ecommerce, a term derived from "Electronic Commerce," is the practice of doing business over the Internet. In particular, ecommerce refers to transactions performed online (i.e., the collection of credit card information and the electronic transfer of funds).

Mailing lists based on ezmlm software can be configured to accept administrative commands via email. To use one of these commands, the user simply sends an email to a command address. When an email reaches the mailbox corresponding to that address, the list management software automatically responds to the email. Email address commands typically include commands that allow users to subscribe or unsubscribe, to get list help or to view raw archives. For more information, see Email Commands in the Kavi Mailing List Manager help.

Kavi software include many mechanisms for sending email. An email schedule sends email automatically based on a predetermined set of rules or conditions. Email schedules are generally configurable and use email templates to compose the message before it is sent. Example email schedules include: billing overdue notices, ballot reminders, and membership renewal reminders.

See Also text template.

A method of protecting sensitive information by scrambling the data to be sent over the Internet in a code that is not human-readable. Encryption is used throughout Kavi software. Credit card information is always encrypted and web site passwords can also be encrypted.

The envelope information for an email contains information similar to the information on a real-world envelope used to send hardcopy mail via the postal service. Unlike the message header (which contains the familiar fields 'To', 'From', 'Date' and 'Subject'), the envelope header is generally hidden when viewing email through an MUA. The envelope header fields include 'Return-Path', 'Reply-To', timestamps and other information added by mail servers during each leg of the transfer process. Together, the message header and envelope header are referred to as the full header.

When there is a problem with email, the complete email must be forwarded as an attachment so the envelope header will be available for troubleshooting. If you forward the email inline or copy the contents into another email, you will only capture the message body and visible fields. The envelope headers (the information of most use in the troubleshooting process) will be omitted.

See Also mail user agent, full header, email header, message header.

Spreadsheet program for Microsoft Windows and Macintosh; part of the Microsoft Office Suite. Excel is one of three formats in which data can typically be downloaded from Kavi software.

See Also comma-separated values, pipe-delimited.

XML is a markup language used to describe document content and structure, rather than the presentation of the content. It is called "extensible" because it is specifically designed to be extended for flexibility and adaptability for different uses. XML is a meta language—a language for describing other languages—which lets developers create customized markup languages for whatever type of document needed.

XHTML, a version of XML specifically used to code web pages is used to write Kavi software interfaces.

See Also Extensible HyperText Markup Language.

XHTML is a standard that for creating HTML-based documents in an XML-compliant manner. By writing content for the web in XHTML, Kavi is able to take advantage of XML tools that check the correctness of the code and assure the content's backward and forward compatibility.

For more information about XHTML, visit the XHTML web site.

See Also Hyper Text Markup Language, Extensible Markup Language.

A scalable, feature-rich mailing list management tool used by several Kavi applications that support mailing lists. Kavi Mailing List Manager provides a web-based interface for interacting with ezmlm mailing lists. Ezmlm integrates exceptionally well with qmail, an email management tool by the same author. Ezmlm-idx is an add-on that provides indexing for the MHonArc archives. For more information about ezmlm, visit www.ezmlm.org.

See Also mailing list, MHonArc, qmail.

The ability to post to a mailing lists is often restricted depending on the sender's list user level, and email from addresses that are not on the list of those who are allowed to post may be rejected. When an email is rejected, the system deletes the email without notifying the sender or mailing list administrators, so the email is said to fail silently.

A harsh response to another, frequently expressed as a message containing personal criticism posted in reply to a message that is considered to be off-topic or otherwise constitutes a violation of list netiquette. Most list moderators consider excessive flaming a violation of netiquette in its own right and may ban repeat flamers from the list.

See Also netiquette, newbie.

Antivirus software from Frisk Software International. For more information, visit the Frisk web site.

A full header contains metadata about the email, similar to the information on a real-world envelope used to send hardcopy mail via the postal service. Full headers include both message headers and envelope headers. The message header is usually displayed when viewing an email, and contains familiar fields such as 'To:', 'From:', 'Date:' and 'Subject:' fields. Envelope header information is usually hidden by the MUA, and is visible only when viewing the email source or email properties. It includes fields such as the 'Return-Path', 'Reply-To', timestamps and other information added by mail servers during each leg of the transfer process. This information is used when troubleshooting email delivery issues.

When there is a problem with email, forward the complete email as an attachment so the full header will be available for troubleshooting. If you forward the email inline or copy the content into another email, you will only capture the message body and visible fields. The envelope headers (the information of most use in the troubleshooting process) will be omitted.

See Also envelope header, message header, mail user agent.

Many software searches will search across a limited number of details, such as item names and state. In contrast, a full-text search looks through the entire contents of documents and email posted to a web site, not just the document names or email subjects.

The unique name by which host (i.e., server) is known on the Internet and can be resolved to an IP address. It consists of a domain name which is known to the Internet, including the top-level domain, and if there are multiple hosts within the network, it includes the name by which the host (server) is known locally. A domain name takes the general form 'domainname.tld' where 'domainname' is the domain and '.tld' is the top-level domain. If there are multiple hosts within the domain, the name will usually take the form 'servername.example.tld' where 'servername' is the name by which the host is known within the local network. For example, a company might use the domain name of 'example.com' for its headquarters while the research division, which is served by a different server (and therefore has a different IP address), might be known by the domain name of 'research.example.com'. Both of these would be fully qualified domain names.

When an email is transferred from the originating MTA to the first receiving MTA, the receiving MTA checks to see whether the hostname that has been provided to it by the originating MTA resolves to a unique Internet address. If it does, then it is a fully qualified domain name and the receiving MTA adds the hostname to the Return Path in the envelope header. If the hostname does not resolve properly, the receiving MTA adds the originating MTA's IP address instead. So, even if the person who originated the email falsified information in the 'From:' and 'Reply-to:' fields, the originator's true Internet address is recorded in the email's envelope header.

In Kavi documentation, the domain of an organization's web site is represented generically in examples as 'example.org', while the domain of a company is represented as 'example.com'. The domain name is used by Internet email and Internet web site addresses, so the email address of a user is represented as 'username@example.com' and the organization's Web site as 'www.example.org'.

See Also domain, domain name, mail transfer agent.

A software interface that allows a server to communicate with a data source. Kavi Commerce connects with payment gateways to make credit card authorization requests and receive authorization responses back from the Internet merchant account. Both ECHOnline and Verisign provide payment gateways. Also known as payment processing service.

See Also internet merchant account.

Period of time between a membership's expiration and the archiving of the membership. If the site has been configured to enforce any delinquent actions, the delinquent actions will automatically be implemented at the end of the grace period unless the membership has been renewed.

See Also delinquent action.

Generic term used by Kavi Groups to describe the online collaboration center for a specific committee, working group, task force, or interest group. Each group is highly configurable, with a roster, action items, ballots, a document repository, and a mailing list with online email archives.

A successful hoax is a falsehood that the unsuspecting are tricked into believing so that they act upon it in some way. Virus alerts are one of the most common email hoaxes. These kinds of email hoaxes, usually forwarded by some helpful but inexperienced user, falsely suggest that an undetectable virus is running rampant on the Internet and that users can tell if their system is infected by searching for a specific file. Because it is actually a necessary system file, the user will find it present, and if they follow the instructions in the email, will delete the file, disabling their system until the file is replaced. Other common types of email hoaxes include con games and urban legends propagated by users forwarding the hoax email to others. Although a hoax does not contain code, it is generally classified as a kind of malware.

See Also malware.

A computer connected to a network.

A name by which a computer is known on a network. The computer (i.e. host) may be known by more than one hostname within the local network, but it can only be registered in the Domain Name System under a single hostname, which is used for the local portion of the host's fully qualified domain name. For instance, the hostname of the mail server at a company's research division could be registered with the DNS as 'research', so that email addresses for the research division would take the form 'username@research.example.com'. Within the network, this same host could also be known as 'bob'.

On the Internet, the DNS can resolve the host's fully qualified domain name to an IP address, which allows users to send email to the host if it is a mail server or to visit a web site if the host is a web server.

See Also Domain Name System, fully qualified domain name, IP address, internet address.

The most common markup language used in the creation of documents for the Web. HTML markup tells browsers how to display the content of each web page.

See Also source, source code, Extensible HyperText Markup Language.

Status indicating a company or user account or membership is not current or in good standing. An inactive status typically indicates that the company or user no longer has full privileges nor is it visible. For instance, inactive users cannot into the web site, but active users can, and inactive profiles are hidden in the showcase, whereas active profiles are featured publicly.

See Also active.

This type of organization offers full memberships to individual persons, and individuals pay membership dues directly to the organization. Membership is not contingent on employment or affiliation with a specific company.

See Also company-based organization.

Intellectual property includes ideas, designs inventions, technology, software, etc. which are protected under intellectual property rights.

An internet merchant account is a specialized bank account that allows credit cards to be processed online. Also known as a "Card Not Present Merchant Account."

A company or organization that provides internet access. ISPs frequently provide mail handling services for users, in which case the ISP will have mail servers protected by virus scanning and spam filtering software, as well as a firewall. Although these protections are necessary, each is another possible point of failure in the email delivery process.

The IP (short for Internet Protocol) address is a unique identifier for an internet host such as your computer or your email provider's mail server. The IP address is used when one computer sends information to another. When you send an email, the IP addresses of all the hosts that handle the email are recorded in the email header. IP addresses consist of a string of four numbers, separated by dots (period marks). Each number can be no more three digits. The IP address will look something like this: '127.0.0.1'.

Used to create a unique entry for each record in the database tables. item_key is frequently displayed on activity log reports when new information is added, which shows that a new and unique record has been created for that record.

Kavi is the industry leader in web-based management for technical standards organizations. We provide a suite of applications designed to allow organizations to manage the content of their web site and securely collaborate online.

Kavi Billing works as part of a suite of web site applications, providing bills and receipts for a variety of different tools. Kavi Billing consolidates the billing history for an account into a single place, and centralizes an organization's methodology for accepting payment, creating bill IDs and communicating with members about their payments.

Kavi Commerce sends credit card payments from your web site to a payment processing service. Other products, such as Kavi Billing, make use of Kavi Commerce's forms for collecting credit card information and managing the status of credit card transactions.

Kavi Edit provides a convenient set of tools used to manage and edit site content. It features WYSIWYG and source editors, session locking, file downloads, image handling and a secure working environment that can be configured to set editing permissions at the page level. Dynamically generated navigation automatically inserts nav nodes as new pages are added and links to external sites can be created independently.

Kavi Groups is the collaborative cornerstone of many standards organizations. This unique collaboration application helps coordinate an organization's committee work by providing secure, online committee areas with tools and features designed specifically to support the committee processes necessary for standards development.

Kavi Groups incorporates tools for managing committee rosters, sharing and storing documents, shared calendars and scheduling events, conducting formal balloting, and archiving group email, with personalized RSS feeds designed to help participants keep seamlessly up-to-date.

Kavi's membership management system is the core component of all of Kavi web services packages. It serves as an organization's member database, controls access to private web content, keeps track of members' roles and permissions, tracks expiration dates, simplifies and personalizes member communication, creates member directories and company rosters, and helps generate dynamic content for your web site.

Kavi Showcase gives standards organizations a browsable, searchable library of member profiles and a catalog of their standards-compliant products. Each member company can create and maintain its own profile complete with links to its web site, a company description and company logo. Each profile can have one or more catalog items associated with it. Catalog items are also searchable and can include a product photo, description, links to product literature, and sales or marketing contact information.

Kavi Registration features a web-based interface to a full featured yet customizable event registration package. Registrants can be profiled with custom questions, and ecommerce used to collect credit card fees online. Kavi Registration imposes no limits on the number of attendees but allows custom limits and waiting lists to be set at the administrator's discretion. The administrator's interface provides online control of the event, including the ability to make modifications that become visible instantly and to monitor the results with real-time reporting.

Kavi WebApps are semi-custom solutions designed for a specific site based on a robust set of software development tools. These solutions are database-backed and feature a full set of administrative tools for managing the database and generating reports.

A term used in a search. Kavi Showcase encourages the addition of keywords to profiles and catalog items to increase the chances that a search will find the object. The careful use of keywords in all web site content is a critical part of search engine optimization, and one of the main strategies for improving a web site's search engine ranking.

Many organizations that manage Internet email accounts and mailing lists maintain kill lists (aka kill files or blocklists) of email addresses and IP addresses associated with users who have violated anti-spam policies or other policies. These lists are used by applications that scan the headers of incoming emails for the originating address, then look for the address on the list of known violators. Emails originating from users on the organization's kill list are automatically blocked. 'Kill' is a system command used to stop a process, which is what happens to emails from users on the kill list.

See Also blockist.

The date and time that a record was last updated. The last modified date is tracked on all records and is available in most of the data downloads provided by Kavi software.

List administrators maintain mailing lists and enforce list policies. Depending on the mailing list, their duties may include moderating messages for posting or moderating subscription requests. They have a higher level of permissions than regular users so they can fulfill these responsibilities.

A list owner maintains the technical environment in which the list is housed.

A preconfigured mailing list template on which Kavi Mailing List Manager mailing lists are based.

A link sent by email which can then be used to identify the recipient to the web site. The link includes a unique key, a long string of randomly generated numbers and letters. When the user clicks this link, the user is automatically logged in so they can access their password and other personal information. Login links are sent to new members, to users who have forgotten their passwords and to members who need to renew their membership but can no longer access the restricted areas of the site.

A recorded history of changes made to the data, including the date of the change and who made the change. The full logs show which fields were changed and the values of those fields, tying records back to their unique database IDs. The activity histories are a human-readable variation of this information, including notes about the change rather than the detailed field values.

See Also activity history.

A generic term for email delivery applications that manage mail delivery between mail transfer agents (MTAs) such as qmail and mail user agents (MUAs) such as Emacs or Microsoft Outlook. MDAs generally operate behind a firewall, so if an email delivery has failed and Kavi has been able to confirm delivery to the MTA, the failure point can only be identified by admins responsible for the network protected by this firewall.

See Also mail transfer agent, mail user agent.

In its most basic form, a mailing list is a collection of email addresses, known as list subscribers. When an authorized email is sent to the list, it gets sent to every subscriber on the list. Mailing lists are frequently used as a method of discussion on a particular topic, such as marketing or compliance.

Mailing lists may offer archives, digests and a set of email commands that can be used by subscribers, moderators and administrators. Mailing lists are highly configurable so that the organization sponsoring the list can determine who can subscribe, who can post, whether the list is moderated and set parameters for what kinds of email the list will accept.

Kavi Mailing List Manager includes tools for creating and managing mailing lists. Kavi Groups also heavily uses mailing lists to facilitate communication between group participants.

A generic term for email transfer applications, such as qmail, sendmail, postfix, etc. When tracking the delivery status of an email, it is only possible for Kavi to confirm delivery or failure between the sender and the receiver's MTA. Beyond this point, the mail enters the receiver's network and delivery can only be confirmed by admins responsible for that network.

See Also mail delivery agent, mail user agent.

A generic term for email client applications, such as Emacs, Microsoft Outlook, etc.

See Also mail transfer agent, mail delivery agent.

A generic term for malicious software distributed via email such as viruses, worms, trojans and hoaxes.

See Also hoax, trojan, virus, worm.

Many Kavi applications, and the underlying Zope platform on which Kavi web sites are built, use the term "manager" to denote a user with special privileges. Managers have additional access that allows them to manage items or web site content. The extent of these privileges varies from application to application.

Manual processing is the opposite of automatic processing. When Kavi Commerce is using Echo or Verisign payment gateways, credit cards are charged in real-time. When Kavi Commerce is in manual processing mode, credit card information is stored, rather than charged in real-time. These stored credit card transactions must later be manually processed by an administrator using an alternate credit card processing service.

Membership levels are typically defined in the organization bylaws or constitution, and guided by policy defining who is eligible for membership, pricing structure, and benefits. Examples of members include sponsors, contributors, board, and student members.

The member's relationship with the organization may expire at the end of the membership term. Members may be reclassified as nonmembers if they choose not to renew their membership and the organization tracks nonmembers in the database.

Kavi Members uses the term "members" in the strictest sense, only classifying those users who have a membership with the organization as members. Other applications use this term less strictly.

Kavi Mailing List Manager uses the term member to mean any user in the Kavi Member's database, regardless of their membership status or purpose.

See Also nonmember, purpose, staff or administration.

Term used in Kavi Members. Users or companies can apply to become a member of an organization using a selected membership type. The configuration of the membership type determines the term of the membership, its price, and the web site privileges to be automatically granted through that membership.

See Also member, membership.

Term used in Kavi Members. Membership type groups define how membership types relate to one another. They are used by the rules engine to determine what kinds of memberships a member may hold simultaneously. The membership type groups delineate the number of memberships a member may hold concurrently and if the organization has a two-tier membership system, the membership type groups identify dependencies between the primary and dependent membership types.

For example, Organization A has two primary membership types: 'Board' and 'Adopter'. These membership types are placed into a membership type group with a 'maximum in group' value of one, meaning that a member can only have one of these memberships at a time (i.e., the company is either a 'Board' or an 'Adopter' member, never a 'Board' and an 'Adopter' member).

Organization B has a two-tier membership system, and uses the same two primary membership types as Organization A, and limits the number of primary memberships that a member can hold simultaneously to one, just like Organization A. But Organization B also offers dependent memberships. An member is eligible for dependent memberships based on the type of primary membership the member holds. An 'Adopter' member can acquire one or more dependent memberships, including 'Beta Tester' and 'Advisory Committee'. A 'Board' member can acquire one or more dependent memberships including 'Advisory Committee' and 'Project Sponsor'.

See Also member, membership.

The message information for an email contains information similar to the information on a real-world envelope used to send hardcopy mail via the postal service. It contains the familiar fields 'To', 'From', 'Date' and 'Subject', among others. The full header consists of the message header and the envelope header, which is generally hidden when viewing email through an MUA.

When there is a problem with email, the complete email must be forwarded as an attachment so the information in the envelope header will be available as well as the message header information. If you forward the email inline or copy the contents into another email, you will only capture the message body and visible message header fields. The envelope headers (the information of most use in the troubleshooting process) will be omitted.

See Also mail user agent, full header, email header, envelope header.

MHonArc is the mail-to-HTML converter used by Kavi software to create web-viewable email archives. For more information, visit the MHonArc web site.

Moderation is the process of reviewing, then approving or rejecting submissions based on conformance to established guidelines. There are two types of moderation used in Kavi applications, but the term is generally used to mean the moderation of material submitted for publication on a web site or through the site's mailing lists. The use of moderated processes allows the organization to check the quality of publications and the eligibility of applicants before they are approved, helping maintain high standards throughout.

Moderation processes are supported by Kavi Members, Kavi Showcase, Kavi Mailing List Manager, and Kavi Groups. Kavi Mailing List Manager also supports moderated subscription processes, where users may not be allowed to subscribe to private mailing lists without moderator approval.

See Also moderator.

Mailing lists can be configured to send messages from users who do not have direct post privileges to a moderation queue. As each new message is added to the queue, a moderation request is sent to the list's moderators. A moderator can accept or reject the message or leave it in the queue until it is automatically deleted. When a moderator accepts a message it is posted to the list, then deleted from the moderation queue. Rejected messages are also deleted from the queue. This prevents a second moderator from approving or rejecting a message that has already been acted on by another moderator.

Mailing lists can also be configured to moderate subscription requests, in which case moderators are likely to handle both kinds of requests.

See Also moderation, moderator.

Moderators control web site access and the publication of materials. Moderators are key to the successful operation of most Kavi software.

In Kavi Showcase, moderators can review and approve profiles and catalog items before they are published.

In Kavi Members, moderators may review and update membership and company representative applications before they grant web site access.

In Kavi Mailing List Manager, a moderator is an individual or groups of individuals in charge of ensuring that unwanted messages not get posted to the list. If a list is private, moderators are also responsible for approving subscription requests. Most lists have moderated posting to protect the quality of the messages being distributed through the list. When a list is moderated, an email that is sent to the list from someone who is not on the list of allowed posters will be sent to the moderator instead of being posted directly to the list. The moderator can then screen the email to decide if it should be posted to the list or not. The more open the subscription process, the greater the need to moderate posting. Private lists or one-way announcement lists such as newsletters that only allow a few users to post may not need to moderate posting.

All files have a MIME Type which describes what kind of data the file contains and in which format this data is stored. Originally used as a method to tell email programs what types of files were being sent, MIME Types are now recognized by internet browsers and other software. The MIME type enables applications to read the file. For example, your browser will detect the image/jpeg MIME type as a JPEG picture and display it properly.

Kavi software is backed by MySQL databases. MySQL is the world's most popular Open Source Database, designed for speed, power and precision in mission critical, heavy load use. For more information about MySQL, visit the MySQL web site.

Kavi Edit features dynamically generated navigation, which creates navigation links using information aggregated from navigation nodes, or nav nodes, inserted throughout the site. Nav nodes are generated automatically when a new page is created. Links can be created independently by the user, including links to external web sites in the site navigation. These nodes contain the navigation URL, the title to be used for the navigation, breadcrumbs, site map, and the order in which the node should be displayed.

A combination of the terms "net" and "etiquette". Netiquette is proper etiquette for the Internet.

The set of all mail servers and connectors within a company or organization. When an email fails within the network cloud, only internal admins can determine the exact point of failure.

Non-pejorative slang term for an inexperienced user, especially a newcomer to a mailing list.

A magazine, frequently marketing-related. Newsletters can be distributed through a mailing list, and Kavi Mailing List Manager provides a 'Newsletter' default list type specifically for this use of a mailing list.

Term used by Kavi Members. Nonmember is one of the four purposes available to users or companies, if the organization is configured to track nonmembers. Nonmembers do not meet the criteria for membership. This can mean that they have not paid, are not eligible, or that they simply don't want to be members. Examples of nonmembers who are tracked by organizations and who might participate in organization activities include:

Nonmembers have restricted privileges, if any. The nonmember's relationship with the organization does not expire. Some nonmembers may become members.

See Also member, membership, purpose, staff or administration.

Term used by Kavi Groups. By default, an observer added to a group's roster can download documents and read group email, but cannot add items or contribute to discussions or vote until they are granted a more privileged role.

A mailing list that allows users to subscribe directly uses an open subscription model.

See Also closed subscription model.

Term used by Kavi Commerce. The order ID is a unique, human-readable identifier assigned to each credit card transaction by Kavi Commerce. If the transaction originated with another application, such as Kavi Billing, the order ID will match the bill ID of the bill to which this transaction relates.

The group or association to which the web site belongs.

Indicates how a change recorded in an activity history was made. Some example originations include:

See Also activity history.

A secret combination of characters used to insure the security and privacy of your account. A good password will be at least six letters long, use both letters and numbers, and a combination of upper and lower case. It may also include special characters such as apostrophes, hyphens and underscores. The password should not be based on words found in a dictionary, even if you replace the 'O' with a '0' or the 'l' with a '1' (everybody knows this trick). The goal is to make it easy for you to remember and hard for others to guess.

Term used by Kavi Billing. The payment method for a bill describes how money will be received. Payments may be processed manually, as when receiving a check by mail, or automatically when paying by credit card. When a payment method for a bill is selected, the bill will show the appropriate instructions for remitting payment to the organization.

Term used by Kavi Commerce. Another term for gateway.

See Also gateway.

A company in the process of applying for its first membership with the organization. Until the membership application process is complete, the company's information is stored in a database of pending companies. When the membership goes current, the company's information is moved into the regular company database and can be managed like any other company.

An individual in the process of applying for their own membership with the organization for the first time. Until the membership application process is complete, the individual's information is stored in a database of pending users. When the membership goes current, the user's information is moved into the regular user database and can be managed like any other user.

Phishing is a scam that attempts to fool people into sharing their personal information, such as credit card numbers, account usernames and passwords, social security numbers, etc. Phishing scams are often initiated as email that pretends to come from a well-known and trusted establishment, such as your bank or eBay. The email may instruct recipients to use a provided link to update their account information, but instead of taking the user to the establishment's legitimate web site, the link leads to a web site where the account information will be captured for nefarious purposes. Phishing scams are another good reason to protect your organization's site from scrapers and spammers.

See Also scraper, spam.

PHP is a popular programming language that can be incorporated into HTML. For more information about PHP, visit the PHP web site.

A technique that minimizes the amount of time a web page takes to download over a slow connection. Kavi Groups is designed to take advantage of PHP compression.

File format used to transfer data from one application to another. Each record comprises one line, with values for that record separated by pipes (e.g., first name | last name | email address).

See Also comma-separated values, Excel.

For lists managed by the Kavi Mailing List Manager, an email address that isn't on the Regular Subscriber, Digest Subscriber or Moderator list may be added to the Poster List (which ezmlm calls the 'allow list') to grant the user the ability to send messages to the list. Only lists that allow subscribers to post directly but moderate or reject posts from the public (i.e. unknown email addresses) support this feature in the Mailing List Manager.

See Also allow list.

The number on a purchase order, which is a document used to approve, track and process purchased items.

The person acting as a company's principal liaison to the organization. A primary contact will be requested or required for companies signing up for membership, and a primary email address is usually required. Depending on organization policy and web site configuration, the primary contact may be assigned roles that grant permission to maintain company data.

See Also role.

Term used by Kavi Members. Each user and company in the database is assigned a purpose. This purpose clarifies, in a very broad way, why the user or company was added. Kavi Members uses the purpose field to make intelligent choices about how the user or company should be treated, where they should be listed, and what kind of information is tracked with their record.

The available purposes for a user are: company representative, individual member, nonmember, and staff and administration.

The available purposes for a company are: company for individuals, member, nonmember, and staff and administration.

The email address under which a user signs up. This is the email address to which automated notices will be sent and which is used to subscribed to mailing lists. For many organizations, this must be the user's official company-issued email address.

The organization's statement about how user information is gathered and used, what information is tracked, who has access to this information, and how a user can learn more. A thorough privacy policy is considered a requirement for any reputable web site that tracks user information and should always be available on a web site using Kavi Members.

The opposite of a public list, a private list does not accept email address commands (administrative commands) from the public (i.e., from email addresses it can't find on the Subscriber List or other lists of known users).

An email sent automatically by a mailing list to check an email address that has been bouncing, or stopped accepting list email.

See Also bounce handling.

Term used by Kavi Showcase. A profile is a marketing description of a company or user, and may contain a description, URLs, and images. Each profile may be associated with several catalog items.

See Also catalog item.

The table on the upper-right corner of software pages that shows how many steps are involved in the current process. The progress bar shows what step the user is currently on and how many steps remain before the process is complete.

Python is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language. For more information, visit the python web site.

qmail is an open-source SMTP server used by Kavi software. For more information about qmail, visit the qmail web site.

The minimum number of members required for the conduct of business. Kavi Groups includes features for tracking meeting attendance which can automatically compute whether quorum was met at a group's meeting.

Mailing list email archives that live on the server's file system, as opposed to the web-viewable archives presented online by Kavi Mailing List Manager and Kavi Groups. Raw archives can often be retrieved using ezmlm commands sent by email to the mailing list.

See Also mailing list, MHonArc.

RSS is a form of XML that publishes a list of headlines, article titles or events encoded in a way that can be easily read by another program called a news aggregator or news reader. These programs allow users to read headlines or events from dozens or hundreds of aggregated news sites at one time.

Kavi Groups sends out updates in RSS format, called RSS feeds, which keep members up-to-date when resources are published.

Regular subscribers receive every email sent to the list singly, as opposed to digest subscribers who receive email in batches (many email rolled into one). Users have the ability to select from these two options when managing their subscriptions.

See Also digest subscriber, moderator, poster, Poster List.

Term used by Kavi Members. Any member who has at one time held an active membership with the organization can renew their membership by applying for a new membership. Members may renew their membership at any level allowed by the organization; an adopter membership that is upgraded to a board membership is still considered to have been renewed.

A field in an email header that provides the address to which replies to the message will go. It is analagous to the return address on a hardcopy letter you'd send through the postal service. Like the return address, this field can be set by the sender, so it is not necessarily valid but if it isn't, email returned to the sender will be undeliverable.

The contents of the 'Reply-To' field are not necessarily the same as the 'From:' field, which is also set by the sender, and the 'Return-Path', which is set by the originating MTA, and contains the address where the email originated.

Mailing lists set the 'Reply-To' field to the address of an automated bounce handler so that when an email sent to a subscriber bounces, it won't be returned to the list and distributed to all the other list subscribers.

See Also envelope header, mail transfer agent, Return-Path.

A field in an email envelope header that stores the fully qualified domain name (or IP address) of the MUA from which the email originated. Since the information in this field is added automatically, it does not necessarily match the 'From' and 'Reply-To' fields (which can be set by the user).

See Also envelope header, Reply-To, mail user agent.

Underlying mechanism governing user access to web site pages. Access to a page is controlled by the roles assigned to it. A user must have one or more of these roles in their role cache in order to access the page. The default role for a user is 'authenticated', meaning the user has basic access permissions that allow the user to login and gain access to the protected areas of the site. A more privileged type of user such as the Organization Admin would have the role of 'organization_admin' in their role cache, granting this user the ability to access tools and information available through the Admin Home page.

See Also role cache.

All roles assigned to a user are stored in this cache, which cumulatively represents this user's level of site access.

See Also role.

A script or automated tool that searches web site pages for email addresses, which it copies and saves. Scrapers are one way that spammers gather email addresses. Kavi software tools are designed to protect email addresses from scrapers where possible.

See Also phishing, spam.

Software that searches documents for keywords entered by a user and returns a list of the documents or web pages containing the keywords. The most popular search engine web site is Google.

The practice of crafting web site content to maximize the web site's search engine ranking for specific keywords.

Security certificates are necessary to establish a secure connection using the SSL protocol. Security certificates contain information about the certificate's owner, who issued the certificate, a unique identification number, and an encrypted key that can be used to verify the contents of the certificate. Security certificates are usually purchased from a third-party supplier and are typically valid from one to five years.

See Also secure socket layer encryption.

Term used by Kavi Edit. All changes made using Kavi Edit are made within a session. A session holds edits separate from the existing site until the editor is satisfied with the changes. Sessions do not end when the browser is closed, allowing the editor to continue work over several days without worrying about losing changes or exposing work prematurely.

A session ends when the editor who made the changes accepts or discards the edits.

Term used in Kavi Groups. The sharing settings for a group determine where and to whom the group's resources will be published. Groups can be configured to publish, or share, items with other groups, the organization membership, and/or with the public at large.

A site error occurs when an application form or dynamic web page encounters problems. Site errors require attention by support staff, and can frequently trigger email alerting support staff to the problem. If you are reporting a site error, it is helpful to look at the page source and include the traceback, or error details, in your message.

See Also source, source code, traceback.

Programming term used to describe the code files that control how pages are laid out and how applications work. When troubleshooting web site problems, you may be asked to "View the source" which refers to the HTML source of the web page. If you encounter a site error, this page source may include traceback information that guides support personnel to the cause of the problem.

Kavi Edit includes a source editor that allows direct editing of web page HTML in addition to a WYSIWYG editor.

See Also Kavi Edit, Hyper Text Markup Language, site error, What You See Is What You Get.

Spam can be defined as unsolicited bulk email sent to promote products or services. Kavi encourages all list owners to take proactive measures to prevent spam from being distributed through their lists and to adopt a closed-loop, confirmed opt-in process to avoid having list messages potentially perceived as spam. It is recommended that list messages include trailer text with instructions on how to unsubscribe from the list.

Whether deliberate or inadvertant, the distribution of spam through mailing lists jeopardizes the reputation of the Web site and invites the risk of being blocklisted by Spamhaus or other anti-spam organizations. Once an domain has been blocklisted, the process of having it removed from the blocklist is problematic and time consuming.

See Also blockist, closed-loop, confirmed opt-in, phishing, scraper.

Python software objects (i.e., DataSkins), that appear in the Kavi Members Full Activity Log as the entity that handled the data change. It is possible to search the Full Activity Log for actions taken by a specific specialist type. For instance, if you are searching for changes made to a company contact record, you could enter 'KCompanyContactDataSkin' in the 'What Action Was Taken' field.

A protocol that allows sensitive information to be securely exchanged on the internet through the use of encryption. SSL used in conjunction with HTTP is called HyperText Transmission Protocol, Secure (HTTPS). Kavi product pages using SSL to secure financial transactions will be indicated by URLs beginning with HTTPS rather than the usual HTTP.

See Also encryption.

Term used by Kavi Members. Staff or administration is one of the four purposes available to users or companies. Staff are in charge of managing the web site and carrying out the day-to-day tasks of the organization. Staff have extensive management responsibilities. Staff and administration personnel:

The staff relationship with the organization does not expire.

See Also nonmember, purpose, member, membership.

Status indicates where a record is in its life cycle, typically whether it is active or inactive. Kavi Billing and Kavi Commerce use status to indicate the progress of a record representing a bill or a transaction through a series of stages, from new through canceled or complete.

See Also active, inactive.

A subdomain is based on the domain of a URL, with more specific address information prefixing the domain string, usually the name of a server used for a division of the company or organization. If the company domain is 'example.com', the subdomain for the research division might be 'research.example.com'.

See Also domain, domain name.

The contents of the subject line of an email (i.e., the line headed by 'Subject:'). Spam filters will reject (delete) emails with empty subject lines. Some mailing lists automatically add a prefix to the contents of the subject line to identify the list before forwarding emails to subscribers. When composing an email to post to a mailing list, take the time to compose a meaningful subject line to help distinguish this message from other messages on similar subjects.

Term used by Kavi Groups. A submitter is the user who added an item to a group, such as a document or an event.

An email address on a mailing list's subscriber list that receives email distributions from the list. Subscribers can be regular or digest subscribers.

See Also digest subscriber, regular subscriber.

A user with super administrator access can change how the products are configured. Product configuration can have major impacts on how the web site operates, and is the primary way that the products are tailored to match the business rules of the organization.

Multiple template-generated emails sent in a single batch.

See Also text template.

Legal limits on the use of the site to which prospective members or company representatives must agree before they will be granted accounts that provide access to the organization's web site. Generally presented during the signup process as a form displaying the terms and conditions with two check boxes. The user must click the checkbox that indicates agreement with the terms and conditions to proceed with the signup process. If the user clicks the other checkbox, indicating they do not agree, they will generally not be able to proceed with the automated signup process. Some organizations allow admins to add these users manually.

Text templates store text that can be automatically inserted into email sent to users or displayed on web pages. Text templates can be edited by administrators and may include information drawn from the database to personalize email (e.g., the username or first and last name).

The term of a membership is the period of time during which the membership is current, as defined by its start and end dates. The end date is undefined for lifetime memberships.

Membership dates for a specific type of membership may be based on a term (e.g., Jan. 1st to Dec. 31st of a given year), or a duration (e.g., one year, a lifetime). If a membership type uses a fixed term, Member B who joins mid-term would have a different start date than Member A who joined before the term began, but both memberships would expire on the same day. If the membership type used a fixed duration of one year, the memberships of Member A and Member B would both last a year, but each membership would have different start and end dates.

See Also duration.

More than one email on the same subject. Kavi mailing list archives provide indexing by thread.

See Also archives.

Kavi installs and supports third-party software on many web sites. Third-party software is developed by other companies or communities. Most third-party software used on Kavi sites is open source.

An automatically added time value indicating the time that a an event occurred. Timestamp values may record real time (usually on a 24-hour clock), in which case the value frequently includes the date as well as the time; or elapsed time, in which case there will be a pair of values, with the first set to a zero value and the second recording the elapsed time, as with a stopwatch. Since system clocks are set locally, there is variation in the way that systems are calibrated, so the timestamps on emails, which are timestamped by multiple hosts during the email transfer and delivery process, are only somewhat reliable.

Appears as the final extension of a domain name, taking the format domainname.tld, where .tld stands for top-level domains such as .org, .com, .edu. There are thirteen of these domains, each of which has a single root nameserver that fields all Domain Name System (DNS) requests for that specific top-level domain. The root nameserver responds to the DNS request with a list of nameservers that handle requests for the domain name.

See Also Domain Name System.

A traceback is a description of an application or dynamic page error that provides valuable debugging information for support staff. Tracebacks are hidden in the HTML source of all site errors, and can be seen by viewing the page source of the error page.

See Also site error, source, source code.

Term used in Kavi Commerce. A transaction consists of the complete series of calls made between the organization's web site and the bank when a credit card payment is made.

Malware designed to provide the perpetrator with unauthorized access to the receivers computer. A trojan can be delivered via email attachment, installed from a website automatically or downloaded by an unsuspecting user who believes they are installing a benign program. Trojans are frequently used to turn the users computer into a spam drone (i.e., a computer that broadcasts spam, unbeknownst to its owner).

UTF-8, or Unicode (or UCS) Transformation Format, 8-bit encoding form, is used to encode international information for use on computer systems such as Unix and Linux. Kavi Groups optionally supports UTF-8 encoding on email messages, allowing email including Japanese and other international characters to be displayed correctly in the online email archives.

A person with a record in Kavi Members. Most users have web site access, although nonmembers and inactive users may not.

Used in Kavi Members to classify users, to implement business logic according to user class and to provide web site access privileges to users, particularly individual members and individuals involved in managing the organization and its web site. The default user types are 'Organization Admin', 'Organization Editor' and 'Report Admin', all of which are highly privileged types that must be assigned manually by administrators.

See Also role.

A unique combination of letters, numbers, and characters used when logging in to the restricted areas of a web site.

An internet address (e.g., http://www.kavi.com).

The process of checking information entered into a web form to see if it fits a predefined set of criteria. All input is thoroughly validated before it is stored in the database. Bounds on all values are checked and error conditions are raised if not in compliance (invalid form values, user modified GET strings, stale pages).

A software program or piece of code loaded and run on a computer without the owner's approval. Most viruses can replicate and spread to other computers, primarily by hijacking email systems and sending themselves to other people in the address book. All computer viruses are manmade.

Kavi supports the use of F-Prot virus-blocking on incoming email sent to lists and aliases. Even with anti-virus software in place, it is best to be cautious about opening email attachments as they may contain a new virus not yet recognized by anti-virus software. If you weren't expecting to receive the attachment, do not open it until you have checked with the sender. If you do not know the sender, delete the email without opening the attachement.

See Also F-Prot.

Web standards technologies establish a foundation upon which web developers can create web sites that are accessible to as wide an audience as possible. Web standards are also crafted to ensure that web-based content written using standards today will still be viable in the future. Web standards are drafted and maintained by independent organizations, such as the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), and include technologies such as CSS, XHTML, and DOM.

See Also Cascading Style Sheet, Extensible HyperText Markup Language.

Workflow is a software representation of a business process, describing how tasks are done, by whom, in what order and how quickly. A software workflow system can help automate all or part of the process it describes.

For example, most organizations have a series of steps a membership applicant must complete before they are granted membership, such as paying membership fees and signing the organization's IPR agreement. The order and number of these steps is configured into the web site software's workflow, which will then automatically prompt the applicant to download forms or pay their bill at the appropriate point in the process.

Many of Kavi's software applications employ a workflow. Kavi Members uses workflow to enable organizations to customize how memberships are processed and maintained. Kavi Showcase uses workflow to allow profiles and catalog items to be moderated before publication.

A kind of malicious software similar to a virus, but able to spread without the infected file being opened.

Editing tools that display the page being edited exactly as it will appear when published.

Kavi Edit includes a WYSIWYG editor for editing page content in addition to a standard HTML editor.

See Also Kavi Edit, source, source code.

See Extensible Markup Language.

See Extensible HyperText Markup Language.

Zope is the open source application server for creating content management systems, intranets, portals, and custom applications upon which Kavi web sites are built. For more information, visit the Zope web site.