With the completion of the ebXML infrastructure specifications in May 2001, messaging, discovery, and trading partner agreements are now standardized and can be automated.

Most primitive implementation: email ad-hoc XML, conducting all other aspects manually using email or phone calls

• This would usually be a one-sided relationship
• But it allows the smallest businesses to participate
• In Level 1, the role of the repository is to supply basic infrastructure specifications and commonly used industry tag sets